Pterocarpus macrocarpus (Burma padauk).

P. macrocarpus is a medium to large (usually up to 25 m tall, but sometimes up to 35 m tall) tree native to Myanmar, northern Thailand, Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam. It is a light-demanding, frost sensitive species, and natural regeneration is generally best in dry, open forest, and in disturbed areas. In its native range it grows best on sandy loams (Hundley, 1957). In Puerto Rico, it has grown well on soils ranging from sandy loams to well-drained clays (Francis, 1989). A volume table is available for a trial plantation in Laos; trees had attained an average height of 14.5 m after 13 years (Hjelm, 1995). Although small trees coppice well, coppicing ability declines with size.

Abstract P505: Prediction of Infarct Volume at the 24 Hours After Late Window Presentation With Perfusion Imaging in Patients With Anterior Circulation Large Vessel Occlusion

Introduction: We sought to evaluate the accuracy of perfusion-weighted imaging (PWI) in late presenting patients for estimating the infarct volume at 24 hours after presentation. Methods: This is a secondary analysis of DEFUSE 3, which included stroke patients with anterior circulation occlusion within 6-16 hours of last known normal. The primary outcome is the final infarct volume on a 24-hour MRI scan (volume of DWI positive tissue), adjusted for the baseline infarct volume. We censored 3 patients with 24-hour follow-up MRI infarct volumes >300 mL, which we considered non-physiologic for a hemispheric stroke. The primary predictors are the baseline volume of Tmax >6s, Tmax >10s, and hypoperfusion intensity ratio (HIR: Tmax10/Tmax6) on CT/MR perfusion at hospital admission. We stratified the cohort into 4 categories (untreated, TICI 0-2a, TICI 2b, and TICI3) and fit linear regression models to each of our predictors. Results: We included 147 patients, of which 69 were untreated, 17 had TICI 0-2a, 46 had TICI 2b, and 15 had TICI 3. In untreated patients, both HIR and Tmax10 volume were predictive of adjusted 24-hour follow-up infarct volume (Table). In treated patients, there were no consistent relationships between the perfusion imaging variables and adjusted final infarct volume (Table). Conclusion: For patients with late window anterior circulation large vessel occlusion stroke, HIR and Tmax10 volume appear to be reliable predictors of subsequent infarct volume in untreated patients. For patients treated with thrombectomy, further research is warranted to better understand the more complex relationship between baseline perfusion imaging and the 24 hour, and beyond, infarct volume.

Abstract 17275: The SGLT2 Inhibitor Empagliflozin Ameliorates Left Atrial Dilatation in Non-Diabetic Patients With Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction: A Secondary Analysis of the EMPATROPISM Trial

Background: SGLT2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) improve prognosis in HFrEF patients. We recently demonstrated in a porcine model of non-diabetic HFrEF that empagliflozin (EMPA) ameliorates adverse cardiac remodeling and improves LV systolic function. However, the effect of EMPA on left atrial (LA) dilatation has not yet been studied Hypothesis:: Empagliflozin ameliorates left atrial dilatation in non-diabetic HFrEF patients Methods: The EMPATROPISM clinical trial investigated the efficacy and safety of EMPA in non-diabetic HFrEF patients. 84 patients were randomized to EMPA 10mg daily for 6 months or placebo on top of optimal medical treatment, and were evaluated with cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR). LA Volumes were quantified by CMR using the Simpson method (the number of slices in the usual short axis SSFP cine sequence was increased to cover both LV and the whole of LA. The primary endpoint was change in LVEDV. Prespecified secondary endpoints were changes in maximal and minimal LA volumes (ΔMax LA Vol and ΔMin LA Vol) at the end of 6 months between both arms Results: 80 patients completed the follow up period. There were no differences at baseline in LVEDV (220±75 vs 209±68mL for EMPA vs placebo, p=0.5) or LVEF (36±8 vs 37±8%, p=0.7). There were no differences at baseline in both groups in either maximal or minimal LA volume (Table). In the primary endpoint, EMPA-treated patients showed decrease in LVEDV and increase in LVEF (ΔLVEDV -25±25 vs -1±25mL, p<0.001; and ΔLVEF 6±4 vs 0±4%, p<0.001 for EMPA vs placebo). EMPA-treated patients exhibited a reduction of both maximal LA volume (ΔMax LA Vol -16.2±17.8 vs 11.4±25.9mL for EMPA vs placebo, p<0.001) and minimal LA volume (ΔMin LA Vol -11.3±13.3 vs 6.4±19.3mL for EMPA vs control, p<0.001) Conclusions: In HFrEF patients without diabetes, treatment with empagliflozin ameliorates left atrial dilatation. As LA volume is a surrogate for chronic filling pressures, this reduced LA volume suggest improved diastolic function with EMPA

Assessing the accuracy of treatment planning system based radiotherapy structure volumes

Aim: The purpose of the present study was to assess the accuracy of radiotherapy (RT) structure volume generated by the Monaco treatment planning system (TPS) for three different computed tomography (CT) slice thicknesses. Further, this study addressed the important issue of ‘different volumes of the same RT structure shown at different places’ in the Monaco TPS. Also, the practical impact of this difference in structure volumes has been studied for brain or head and neck patients. Materials and Methods: Objects of known volumes were scanned with different CT slice thicknesses and contoured as an RT structure in Monaco TPS and two different volumes provided by the TPS for each RT structure were noted and compared with the real volumes of these objects. In addition, correlation was also assessed between TPS provided volumes and real volumes of these objects. The study was further extended to obtain correlation of volumes in cases of organs that exist in pairs (e.g., eye) in the human body. Results: Monaco TPS overestimates structure volumes except for objects with sharp corners. Although, volumes shown at different places of the same structure have nearly a linear correlation, volumes under structure table are more accurate than those shown under dose–volume histogram (DVH) statistics (total volume) table. Difference in magnitude between these two volumes has no correlation if this difference is analysed for paired organs. Findings: This study confirmed that Monaco TPS provides ‘different value at different places’ of the volume of a given contoured structure. It is recommended that this issue should be reviewed and resolved by the supplier.

Females Achieve Higher Plasma Amino Acid Concentrations Than Males After Consuming a 20-gram Whey Protein Supplement but Not a 30-gram Protein Meal (P08-058-19)

Objectives We sought to assess whether there are sex differences in postprandial amino acid (AA) responses to different quantities and sources of dietary protein. Methods In a randomized, crossover design, 12 participants [6 males, age: 29 ± 3 y; BMI: 27.1 ± 5.1 kg/m2; mean ± SEM, and 6 females, age: 30 ± 6 y; BMI: 25.0 ± 1.8 kg/m2] completed three 5-h acute feeding trials. They consumed breakfasts containing 10 g of protein from foods (10-PRO), 30 g of protein from foods (30-PRO), and 10 g of protein from foods with an additional 20 g of whey protein isolate (WPI) consumed 120 minutes later (10/20-PRO). Blood samples were collected at times -30, 0, 30, 60, 120, 150, 180, 240, and 300 min relative to breakfast intake. Results For each trial, protein intakes were quantitatively the same for females and males, which resulted in greater protein intakes for females when expressed per kg body mass and liter of plasma volume (Table 1). Plasma AA concentrations did not increase for either sex after 10-PRO (300 min time period) or the first 120 min of 10/20-PRO (before WPI consumed). Plasma total free amino acid (TAA), essential amino acid (EAA), and leucine concentrations (µg/mL) peaked at 240 min for males and at 150, 180, and 240 min respectively, for females, after 30-PRO. TAA, EAA, and leucine concentrations peaked 60 min after consuming 20 g WPI (180 min after breakfast) for 10/20-PRO for both sexes. No differences in composite iAUCpos over 300 min were observed between sexes for 30-PRO. Composite iAUCpos (µg/mL) over 300 min for TAA, EAA, and leucine were greater for females compared to males, by 41, 57, and 40% respectively, for 10/20-PRO. Conclusions Plasma AA responses to consuming a high-protein breakfast are not different between females and males, but are greater for females after consuming a whey protein supplement. This greater increase in AA concentrations for females may be due to greater rates of absorption and/or a greater quantity of protein intake relative to body mass and plasma volume. Males may require more whey protein than females to achieve comparable plasma AA responses. Funding Sources Purdue University, Ingestive Behavioral Research Center and Lynn Fellowship to JLH Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs

James H. McLean Memorial Volume (Table of Content)

James H. McLean Memorial Volume (Table of Content)