China's cybersecurity law increases compliance risk

Subject Implementation of China's Cybersecurity Law. Significance China’s government is implementing its Cybersecurity Law by adopting rules on data protection, critical infrastructure protection and content control. Impacts Much of the interdepartmental strife concerning cyber affairs has been resolved, meaning regulation will now develop more rapidly. Foreign firms will face market access limitations. A major collateral effect is that individuals and businesses posting information online will face greater liability for their content.

China’s failed diplomacy creates global cyber deadlock

Subject China's cyber diplomacy efforts. Significance China has made considerable effort over the past five years to convince the rest of the world of the superiority of its vision for cyber governance. The centrepiece of this is the World Internet Conference, held in the town of Wuzhen since 2014. Impacts China may now focus on bilateral and regional coalitions in cyber affairs, primarily centred around the Belt and Road. Technology businesses will increasingly be caught up in international political tensions. Most countries and governments, given a viable choice, will prefer US suppliers of technology.

The Virtual Trojan Horse in Modern Conflicts

The article will examine the applicability of international laws to cyber affairs by focusing on cyber-attacks that fall under the jus ad bellum the law relating resort to the use of force in the cyber field; and analyzing the applicability of article 2/4 of the UN charter as well the right to self-defense articulated in article 51 of the UN charter; on the other hand will analyze how the legal parameters of IHL (jus in bello) apply to cyber operations in armed conflicts.

Chinese cyberattacks will become smarter

Subject China's cyber capabilities. Significance Recent evidence suggests that domestic reform, US pressure and greater prominence of cyber affairs have pushed down the number of cyberattacks from China. Impacts Beijing and Washington may move towards establishing norms for state behaviour in cyberspace. The objective of Chinese attacks will likely shift from data exfiltration to surveillance and monitoring. China's military and private firms will work together more closely in cyberspace. China will become a more formidable force in cyber-intelligence (as opposed to commercial cyberespionage). Better intelligence could help Beijing avoid overestimating foreign threats.

Cyber risks overshadow China-US summit

Subject Cybersecurity tensions in the China-US relationship. Significance In the run-up to President Xi Jinping's state visit to Washington later this month, US officials have discussed plans to impose economic sanctions on Chinese organisations and individuals found to have engaged in cyberattacks against US targets. The national security and economic implications of cyber tensions are becoming increasingly manifest while space for an agreement seems to be shrinking. Impacts Cyber affairs will be one of the most important bellwethers for the broader China-US relationship. There is potential for escalation and spillover, particularly given the growing prominence of hawkish voices on both sides. There is a long-term risk of diverging technical standards. The approach of the US presidential election makes compromises more difficult.

Understanding and Treating Infidelity

This chapter defines and describes different types of relationship infidelities and discusses existing research on understanding and treating infidelity. Studies examining the etiology, maintenance, and impact of infidelity in a relationship are reviewed and considered. The chapter then describes and critiques current empirically supported therapeutic approaches for treating infidelity, including a forgiveness-based intervention, traditional behavioral couple therapy, integrative behavioral couple therapy, and emotionally focused couple therapy. Important clinical considerations regarding cultural factors in conceptualizing and treating infidelity are addressed throughout the chapter and newer types of relationships and affairs (e.g., cyber affairs) also are discussed.