Estimación de la elasticidad de la demanda de banano fresco en Estados Unidos

Debido a la importancia del banano en la economía ecuatoriana, es imprescindible analizar la demanda del principal mercado de banano fresco del mundo, Estados Unidos, así como estimar sus elasticidades, precio y renta de la demanda; y, analizar la relación del banano con otras frutas en este mercado. Para la estimación, se utilizó el método de Mínimos Cuadrados Ordinarios. Se determinó que, en este mercado con potencial de crecimiento, el banano es un bien inelástico y normal. El periodo analizado fue de 2001 a 2016.Palabras clave: Banano, Estados Unidos, Estimación demanda, Elasticidad precio, Elasticidad renta. Abstract. ue to the importance of banana in the Ecuadorian economy, is essential to analyze the demand of the world’s principal fresh banana market, United States, as well as estimate its price and income elasticities, and analyze the relationship of bananas with other fruits in this market. The Ordinary Minimum Squares Method was used for the estimation. It was determinated that in this market with potencial growth, bananas are inelastic, and considered a normal good. The period analyzed was from 2001 to 2016. Keywords: Banana, United States, Demand estimation, Price Elasticity, Income Elasticity

Struktur pasar pisang ”kepok”

Bananas are planted almost evenly throughout the territory of Indonesia, including in East Nusa Tenggara (NTT). One of the potential areas of NTT that produces a lot of Kepok bananas is Sikka Regency, especially Paga District. Market structure is one indicator to analysis the level of competition and marketing efficiency. This study aims to analyze the structure of the Kepok market in Paga District, Sikka Regency, involving 45 respondents of banana farmers and ten intermediate traders (between islands). Analysis of the banana market structure uses CR4, HHI, and GR to find the level of market concentration, the barrier to entry, market information, and product differentiation. The results found that in selling banana, banana farmers are at a low concentration level dealing with traders with high concentration levels. Judging from the entry barriers, undifferentiated market, and product information shows that the Kepok banana market is classified as an oligopsonistic imperfect market. In this condition, the farmer is only a price taker, while the price is determined by the trader (price maker). Consequently, the dependence of Kepok banana farmers on intermediary traders is very high, so the hopes of farmers to get a reasonable income have not been achieved. Farmers and trader’s marketing institutions need to regulate market mechanisms to be more efficient. There is a fair distribution among marketing institutions.

Market integration and price transmission in Ethiopian banana supply chain

Local banana market prices in surplus areas are asymmetrically integrated and transmitted with that in central banana market prices or deficit areas due to geographic distance between markets, market power, and high transportation costs. As the result, the banana marketing margin is high due to high transport costs and transaction costs. Although the policy relevance of degree of vertical and spatial price transmission in banana supply chain, in Ethiopia is largely unknown, and this study assists to bridge the existing gap. The study investigates degree of spatial and vertical market integration and price transmission of banana supply chain in Ethiopia. ARDL co-integration bound tests and Granger causality tests are employed to examine vertical and horizontal price transmissions in banana supply chain using 10 years average monthly banana prices. The study finds relatively a higher degree of price transmission from central wholesale banana market to surplus banana market. Central wholesaler price has a significant effect on both banana producer and retailer prices in both long-run and short‐run. The result indicates that Granger causality is running from central wholesale market to local markets. There may be high transaction cost may reflect the vertical and spatial asymmetric price transmissions in banana supply chain. Policy interventions in banana supply chains could facilitate a faster and substantial degree of price transmission between actors in banana supply chain.