The Liberation of non-Muslim Women and Children in Turkey

Zabel Essayan’s incisive report, “The Liberation of non-Muslim Women and Children in Turkey” (1919), documents how the Ottoman government and its proxies targeted women and children with specific forms of genocidal violence. Written in the immediate aftermath from a position of exile, the report is translated in its entirety into English and interpreted for its value to recent developments in gender and genocide studies. While the report has been discussed by scholars as a document of witness, rarely has Zabel’s writing been examined in depth for its analysis of specific forms of sexual atrocity central to genocidal design nor as an explicitly feminist text that calls for Armenian women to assume a central role in the post-war recuperation effort.

Facing the Past

Through a consideration of three film works—Ravished Armenia/Auction of Souls (1919), Testimony (2007), and Remembering (2019), which all represent the testimonies of Armenian women to form truths of the catastrophe—this article problematizes how such portrayals might, contrary to their best intentions, resonate with the logic of genocide. By discussing specific woman figures in the three works, published at three times in the postgenocidal era—one just after the events, the other two recently—this article aims not only to mark the evolution of the representational regime with which the Armenian woman is surrounded but also to show that this phenomenon is a key component in a transformation of the lexicon developed around the recognition politics, which ought to involve something other than feverishly chasing a representation of the events of 1915–17 and using women’s witness narratives to this end.

Memory walk in Yerevan dedicated to the history of Armenian women

A memory walk dedicated to the history of Armenian women was organized in Yerevan by a group of women researchers from the Matenadaran Institute of Ancient Manuscripts. The first Femlibrary in Armenia, the house - museum of the writer Silva Kaputikyan as well as other places of memory were visited.

Breast cancer pathology patterns in Armenia.

e12586 Background: Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignancy among the women in Armenia (AM). Currently there is a knowledge gap regarding the morphology distribution of the BC in AM. Methods: The data on patients with BC diagnosed in 2015-2016 in the pathology lab “Davidyants Labs” in AM were retrospectively reviewed. Pts with Her2+ results by IHC were excluded from the study, due to unavailability to perform FISH or CISH analyses. Overall 361 pathology reports were evaluated. Results: The median age was 54 years; range [19-82]. Histopathological subtypes were defined for 305 pts, from which lobular carcinoma 57.4% of cases (175/305), ductal carcinoma 26.9% (82/305), mucinous carcinoma 2.6% (8/305), mixed type carcinoma (lobular and ductal) 2.6% (8/305), DCIS 2% (n = 6/305), non specified carcinoma 2% (6/305), medullary carcinoma 1% (n = 3/305) and others 5.6% (17/305). Within the cohort 8.5% (23/270) were grade 1, 65.9% grade 2 (178/270); 25.6% grade 3 (n = 69/270). Vascular or lymphatic invasion was present in 59.5% (50/84) and 64.7% (55/85), respectively. Staging distribution, based on pT pN data for 92 pts who went to primary surgery, was: 0 stage 7.6% (7/92), I stage 22.8% (21/92), II stage 41.3% (38/92), III stage 28.3% (26/92). Staging distribution based on ypT ypN data for 27 pts who went to surgery after neoadjuvant chemo was 0 stage 25.9% (7/27), I stage 18.5% (5/27), II stage 29.6% (8/27), III stage 25.9% (7/27). ER and PR were defined for 244 patients. ER positive 89.8% (219/244) of cases, PR pos. 73% (178/244), ER/PR pos. 72.5% (177/244) cases. Her receptor was defined for 237 patients. Her3+ 16.9% (40/237); Her2+ 12.7% (30/237); Her1+ 38% (90/237); Her0 32.5% (n = 77/237). We could not evaluate Her2+ status by FISH or CISH, so these results were excluded from the analysis. Ki67 was low (≤20) in 42.1% (101/240) of cases and high ( > 20) in 57.9% (139/240). Within the group Luminal A type was 41.4% (84/203); Luminal B 32.5% (66/203); Her positive 19.7% (40/203) and triple negative 6.4% (13/203). p53 and perineural invasion (Pn) was present in 32% (16/50) and 52% (26/50), respectively. Tumor leukocyte infiltration was determined for 16 patients. Leukocyte infiltration was positive in 43.7% (7/16) cases, negative in 25% (4/16) cases, minimal in 31.3% cases (5/16). Conclusions: BC in Armenian women presents with different epidemiological characteristics in comparison with other ethnicities. Lobular type BC is the most frequent type among Armenian women, however, differential diagnosis between lobular/ductal carcinomas was done without IHC (E-Cadherin), which rises the need for further studies on that regard.

Women Survivors of the Armenian Genocide: Liberation and Relief at the Aleppo Rescue Home

Genocide perpetrated against the Armenian population of the Ottoman Empire was both gender-oriented and age-oriented. The Armenian male population was generally killed before or at the beginning of deportation, while women and children, as well as being massacred, were also subjected to different forms of physical and sexual violence during the death marches. Children were also forcibly transfered to the enemy group, while women were abducted or forcibly married. The experiences and fates of Armenian women and children offer a perspective on how complex and multi-faceted the phenomenon of genocide is. Based on the surveys of rescued Armenian women kept in the archives of the League of Nations, this article will present the fate of women during and after the Armenian Genocide.