Edge of the Grid: Defining Wellington’s Edge through Intensification

<p><b>The concept of growth limits is reoccurring within city theory. If city growth is constrained, then denser development patterns must be used. Contemporary theory on city form is centred on arguments for more sustainable cities, so methods of densification must be sustainable. Very little work in the field of architecture or urban design has been done to investigate the potential of defining the edge to the city through built form. None has been found that translates the edge of a green-belted city into a built form.</b></p> <p>Therefore, this thesis suggests that in some cases, defining the edge of a green-belted city through built form is a logical step to take in the evolution of these cities. The greenbelt is a widely used tool in cities around the world and has been implemented in various ways. In order to produce a site-specific response to the edge condition created by greenbelt and city, the design is located in Wellington. Wellington is highlighted as an unusual case for the relationship between city and greenbelt for two reasons.</p> <p>The first is that the Wellington Outer Green Belt, formally established in 2004, has grown from a public desire to have a continuous network of recreational tracks running the length of the western edge of the city and protecting the highly valued visual amenity of ridgelines and hilltops. This is opposed to cities which have implemented greenbelts primarily to constrict growth. The second, closely connected to the first, is that the greenbelt boundary has largely been influenced by topographical constraints on settlement patterns and is not an arbitrary planning gesture.</p> <p>Wellington is also unusual because of the inclusion of a town belt in the original colonial layout of the city in 1841. The belt has survived largely intact, and can provide insight into the nature of city growth up against a green edge. This thesis aims to draw together two aspects of city form; the relationship between greenbelt and city and the understanding that denser, intensified settlement patterns provide a more ecological form and therefore poses the hypothesis that defining the edge of the city through intensification can contribute to an ecological city form.</p>

Edge of the Grid: Defining Wellington’s Edge through Intensification

<p><b>The concept of growth limits is reoccurring within city theory. If city growth is constrained, then denser development patterns must be used. Contemporary theory on city form is centred on arguments for more sustainable cities, so methods of densification must be sustainable. Very little work in the field of architecture or urban design has been done to investigate the potential of defining the edge to the city through built form. None has been found that translates the edge of a green-belted city into a built form.</b></p> <p>Therefore, this thesis suggests that in some cases, defining the edge of a green-belted city through built form is a logical step to take in the evolution of these cities. The greenbelt is a widely used tool in cities around the world and has been implemented in various ways. In order to produce a site-specific response to the edge condition created by greenbelt and city, the design is located in Wellington. Wellington is highlighted as an unusual case for the relationship between city and greenbelt for two reasons.</p> <p>The first is that the Wellington Outer Green Belt, formally established in 2004, has grown from a public desire to have a continuous network of recreational tracks running the length of the western edge of the city and protecting the highly valued visual amenity of ridgelines and hilltops. This is opposed to cities which have implemented greenbelts primarily to constrict growth. The second, closely connected to the first, is that the greenbelt boundary has largely been influenced by topographical constraints on settlement patterns and is not an arbitrary planning gesture.</p> <p>Wellington is also unusual because of the inclusion of a town belt in the original colonial layout of the city in 1841. The belt has survived largely intact, and can provide insight into the nature of city growth up against a green edge. This thesis aims to draw together two aspects of city form; the relationship between greenbelt and city and the understanding that denser, intensified settlement patterns provide a more ecological form and therefore poses the hypothesis that defining the edge of the city through intensification can contribute to an ecological city form.</p>

Cities of the Global South

This article considers the conundrums entailed in maintaining the notions of “city” and “Global South” in an era where urbanization is no longer epitomized by the city form and where the Global South as a distinctive geopolitical entity has largely been fractured into a multiplicity of domains and histories. Nevertheless, the compositions of contemporary urbanization processes engineer an urban world that is largely deterritorialized in terms of geographical and socio-technical specificity but simultaneously necessitates heterogeneous articulations across territories that open up spaces for the reiteration of many Souths. These potentially continue a long trajectory of solidarities and singularities among postcolonial urbanities. The article details the ways contemporary urbanization processes are composed via a heterogeneity of flows and corridors, while they are simultaneously reterritorialized through the elaboration of popular economies that express a partial disjuncture with capital-central logics of urbanization and the concretization of urbanization potentials embodied by long histories of struggle.

CREATING A SUSTAINABLE CITY THROUGH URBAN DEVELOPMENT AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE INDIAN CONTEXT

The sustainable urban development is a great venture in India. It discusses the concept importance of sustainable development mainly the sustainable urban development. Sustainable urban development and sustainable city form take the responsibility of all this and try to reduce the bad effects of climate change, depletion of non-renewable resources and degradation of the urban environment. There are three issues - which are meeting the deciencies in service, how to manage the services in an environment friendly way and the need to make them more equitable. For activities locations need to be created which can be reached 1) without moving, by walking, by cycling 2) By public transport and 3) by energy efcient cars. The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and UN-HABITAT, the sustainable cities programme are designed to foster the planning to move cities in the developing countries toward sustainability. They organized different programme for the sustainable urban development. One idea about sustainable urban form is that density needs to be 'high'. Adensity that is suitable for USA or cities of Europe may not be feasible for already dense cities like Hong Kong and Indian cities. All these things about sustainable environment and climate change have resulted in experiments and debates over city form that is sustainable.

Kajian Karakteristik Koridor Jalan Slamet Riyadi Sebagai Ruang Interaksi Sosial Kota Surakarta Berdasarkan Teori Good City Form

<p>Koridor adalah lahan memanjang yang membelah kota/kawasan atau sebuah lorong membentuk fasade bangunan berderet dengan lantai atau ruang kota bergerak dari ruang satu ke ruang lainnya (Wiharnanto dalam (Sumartono, 2003)). Koridor berfungsi sebagai jalan sekaligus wadah berinteraksi (Kurokawa, 1997). Koridor Jalan Slamet Riyadi yang berada di pusat Kota Surakarta terjadi perkembangan aktivitas perkotaan juga berfungsi sebagai ruang interaksi sosial. Adanya keselarasan antara aktivitas masyarakat dengan ruang yang mewadahinya menimbulkan suatu karakteristik yang dapat diamati berdasarkan Teori Good City Form (Lynch, 1981). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik Koridor Jalan Slamet Riyadi sebagai ruang interaksi sosial Kota Surakarta berdasarkan Teori <em>Good City Form</em>. Menggunakan jenis penelitian deskriptif kualitatif untuk mengeksplorasi isu dengan pendeskripsian secara detail sehingga didapatkan gambaran mendalam tentang karakteristik koridor jalan berdasarkan Teori <em>Good City Form</em> di lokasi terkait. Pendekatan penelitian dilakukan secara deduktif dengan peneliti akan melakukan penelitian berangkat dari teori mengenai koridor, aktivitas di ruang publik, dan <em>Good City Form Theory</em> untuk terjun ke lapangan melakukan pencarian data yang dibutuhkan. Koridor Jalan Slamet Riyadi memenuhi kriteria bentuk yang baik sebagai ruang interaksi Kota Surakarta berdasarkan Teori <em>Good City Form</em>, juga memiliki karakteristik fisik (<em>physical characteristic</em>) dan karakteristik spasial (<em>spatial characteristic</em>) yang berbeda dari jalan perkotaan lainnya. Karakteristik fisik berupa jalan besar yang membelah pusat Kota Surakarta dengan pembagian jalur lalu lintas yang beragam mulai dari jalur lambat untuk becak dan sepeda, jalur kendaraan bermotor berdampingan dengan rel kereta api aktif, dan citywalk sebagai jalur pejalan kaki dengan dilengkapi deretan bangunan untuk perdagangan dan jasa serta pepohonan rindang. Sedangkan karakteristik spasial berupa jalan perkotaan yang memiliki nilai sejarah diantaranya sebagai pembatas daerah kekuasaan antara Keraton Kasunanan dan Keraton Mangkunegaran serta memiliki peranan sangat penting bagi Kota Surakarta selain sebagai penghubung menuju pusat Kota Surakarta, juga menjadi wadah penyelenggaraan beragam aktivitas bagi masyarakat juga event tahunan Kota Surakarta.</p><p><strong>Kata kunci: Karakteristik; Koridor Jalan Slamet Riyadi; Ruang Interaksi Sosial; Teori Good City Form</strong></p>