Forming and translating English neologisms in the software engineering field

The article is devoted to defining the peculiarities and focus of translating English neologisms in the software engineering terminology. As part of the study the role of vocabulary is explored, the features of neologism derivations are classified; the main methods of their interpreting into Russian are examined, the ways of neologism word-building in the software engineering terminology are identified and the most frequent interlingual transformations used in conveying their meaning into Russian are determined. Results of the study reveal that the majority of neologisms are formed predominantly by stem-composition and affixation and the most common method of translating neologisms in the software engineering terminology is the loan-translation, transcription and translation method, grammatical substitutions and descriptive translation.

STEM-COMPOSITION AS THE MAIN WAY OF WORD FORMATION IN ARCHEOLOGICAL TERMINOLOGY

The article describes the features of word formation which are most typical for archaeology sublanguage / substantival composites and compound adjectives. Archaeological terminology is of some interest from a linguistic point of view, as it has numerous objects of study and is marked by its distinctive terminology. The description of the discovered archaeological material comes from the perspective of an integrative approach which allows to collate the results of research in many areas of both humanitarian and natural-scientific plan. The most productive way of designating and describing discovered archaeological sites is the morphological and syntactic method of term-formation. Stem-composition is the dominant way of word formation in the sublanguage of archaeology. Since the description of features and properties, the image of discovered objects occupies quite a large place in archaeological texts, the stem-composition proves to be productive for adjectives. Compound words serve as a mean of language economy and express significant information in compact forms and are a source of archaeological vocabulary extension.

Analysis of word-formation processes in the English and Russian thematic groups “insectophones”

The article is devoted to the consideration of derivative processes in the English and Russian thematic groups “insectophones” / «инсектофоны». Due to the diversity of the compared languages, the features of word formation in the studied groups are revealed and the processes of occurrence of insectophones in the language are described. For the English language, the key methods are derivation methods such as stem composition, suffixation, back derivation and conversion. The most productive is the stem composition. For the Russian language within the framework of the studied thematic group, the leading methods can be called the same as in English with the exception of conversion. In Russian, the most common way of forming insectophones is suffixation. In both languages, insectophones formed using diminutive suffixes, which subsequently lost the meaning of subjective assessment, are identified. In compound words in English and Russian, the place of the repeating element is different (in English - in the second place, in Russian - in the first one).

Compound adjectives in the Erzya language

Introduction. The changes occurring in the modern world have an impact on the language, in particular, this results in an increased appearance of complex word forms. Regarding the Erzya language, this is also relevant, as in it stem-composition is the most productive way of building new words. There is a constant interest in compound adjectives in the academic world; they are studied based on the material derived from regional languages, in the comparative aspect, in terms of their functional and stylistic characteristics, syntactic analysis and inner structure. The purpose of the article is to study the ways of building complex adjectives, their spelling, functional and stylistic aspects. Materials and Methods. Compound adjectives in the Erzya language were examined on the material taken from the Erzya-Russian dictionary [Erzyan-Ruzon Valks = Erzya-Russian Dictionary 1993]. The following research methods were employed throughout study: induction (methods of observation, comparison, generalization and interpretation), quantitative calculations, component analysis. Results and Discussion. The article targets to study the mechanisms of word-building pertaining to compound adjectives, their spelling, functional and stylistic aspects. The Erzya-Russian dictionary entries showed that stem-composition in relation to adjectives is not the predominant way of word-building. In particular, there are very few adjectives of a subordinating type. Among compound adjectives of a coordinating type two groups were revealed: 1) adjectives built by the blending of two adjectives (among them, a stem-compound (complex word) formed by the blending of two descriptive adjectives and complex words made up of descriptive adjectives, denoting colors), 2) compound adjectives, built by the blending of two derivative adjectives (among them, compounds made up of two similar or identical in meaning adjectives and compound adjectives, formed as a result of repetition of derivative adjectives). Conclusion. Although the question of how to write complex words in the Erzya language remains disputable, in respect to compound adjectives the established tradition requires that compound adjectives of a subordinating type to be written in one word, compound adjectives of a coordinating type are hyphenated.