First Report of Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) in District Mirpur, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan

Our article documents the presence of Aedes albopictus (Skuse) from urban and rural locations in the lower Himalaya Mountains, northern Pakistan. Larvae were collected from graveyards, junkyards, plant nurseries, parks, and houses. Used tires, bird drinking pots, and water storage containers were the most common containers used by this mosquito. In the absence of Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae), Ae. albopictus appears to be the primary vector of recent dengue virus outbreaks.

Ant-like stone beetles on the roof of the world. Cephenniini of Nepal and Bhutan (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Scydmaeninae)

The tribe Cephenniini is for the first time reported to occur in the Himalaya Mountains, and 58 species are described: Cephennomicrus arunensis sp. n., Cm. acupunctatus sp. n., Cm. taplejungensis sp. n., Hlavaciellus primitivus sp. n., Cephennodes (s. str.) cavifrons sp. n., C. (s. str.) pampinosus sp. n., C. (s. str.) bagmatianus sp. n., C. (s. str.) popeye sp. n., C. (s. str.) clavodentatus sp. n., C. (s. str.) meredaranus sp. n., C. (s. str.) yangrianus sp. n., C. (s. str.) suturalis sp. n., C. (s. str.) karnaliensis sp. n., C. (s. str.) churtanus sp. n., C. (s. str.) sermathangensis sp. n., C. (s. str.) tipulipes sp. n., C. (s. str.) yeti sp. n., C. (s. str.) inflaticornis sp. n., C. (s. str.) dolakhanus sp. n., C. (s. str.) manangensis sp. n., C. (s. str.) martensi sp. n., C. (s. str.) paramartensi sp. n., C. (s. str.) monolaminatus sp. n., C. (s. str.) thakanus sp. n., C. (s. str.) annapurnaensis sp. n., C. (s. str.) parbatensis sp. n., C. (s. str.) letheanus sp. n., C. (s. str.) myagdiensis sp. n., C. (s. str.) malla sp. n., C. (s. str.) gorkha sp. n., C. (s. str.) tharepatianus sp. n., C. (s. str.) minisulcatus sp. n., C. (s. str.) mustangensis sp. n., C. (s. str.) lalitpuranus sp. n., C. (s. str.) paralalitpuranus sp. n., C. (s. str.) bahrabisensis sp. n., C. (s. str.) bilaminatus sp. n., C. (s. str.) ghorepanianus sp. n., C. (s. str.) cordilaminatus sp. n., C. (s. str.) mangmayanus sp. n. C. (s. str.) bilobatus sp. n., C. (s. str.) gokarnaensis sp. n., C. (s. str.) pseudogokarnaensis sp. n., C. (s. str.) mahisapala sp. n., C. (s. str.) licchavi sp. n., C. (s. str.) gopala sp. n., C. (s. str.) paniporuanus sp. n., C. (s. str.) brachyclavatus sp. n., C. (s. str.) phulchokianus sp. n., C. (s. str.) pokharensis sp. n., C. (s. str.) newar sp. n., C. (s. str.) kusunda sp. n., C. (s. str.) sindhupalchowk sp. n., C. (s. str.) furcatus sp. n., C. (s. str.) penicillipes sp. n., C. (s. str.) sulcatus sp. n., C. (s. str.) kalopanianus sp. n., and C. (s. str.) poonensis sp. n. Cephennodes popeye occurs in Bhutan; all remaining species inhabit Nepal. Four new species groups are established in Cephennodes, and a checklist of all Cephennodes species placed in species groups is given. The presumably plesiomorphic morphological structures of H. primitivus are discussed, and comparative notes on the Himalayan Cephenniini fauna are presented.

ANALYSIS OF EXERCISE INTENSITY AND THE LEVEL OF THE BODY’S ADAPTATION TO HIGH ALTITUDE CONDITIONS WHILE TREKKING IN THE HIMALAYA MOUNTAINS

Aim. The authors submitting this article considering that hiking at high altitudes is a form of active sport tourism, which enjoys growing popularity among tourists worldwide, assumed that the practice of trekking at altitudes above 2,500 meters (above sea level) is equivalent to activity of high intensity and carries a risk of high-altitude diseases. Basic procedures. The authors claim that despite the rapid progress of medical science, the problem of the economy of oxygen at high altitudes is not clearly understood. It is still the subject of many discussions and theoretical considerations. Main findings. The analysis were conducted in Nepal, in the Himalaya Mountains, during a trekking expedition to the Mount Everest Base Camp, in October 2015. The study group consisted of 10 people (5 women and 5 men). The study used specialized measurement equipment- a heart rate monitor (sport-testers). Results. During the studies, data from heart rate monitors from the six days of trekking were collected. The presented data demonstrate the influence of height above sea level on the average heart rate in the study group. Conclusions. On balance, the average heart rate in the study group decreases in direct proportion to the increase in altitude. The final analysis shows that the correct process of acclimatization is the most important factor in this research.

Chandigarh antes de Chandigarh (Cartografía de una idea)

Resumen: La intención es exponer las ideas que llevaron a Le Corbusier a construir su último y único proyecto urbanístico “Chandigarh”;realizar su sueño de construir sobre una ciudad constituida por aquellos elementos prefigurados desde sus libretas, fotografías y textos de sus Viajes a Oriente, 1911 y Sud América, 1929. Le Corbusier encuentra en Chandigarh su ciudad imaginada, aquella configurada en base al constructo de la razón; montañas, paisajes, árboles, cielos, lagos y ríos, etc. y para ello diseñó un mapa en tres dimensiones que contuviese esa razón fundamental de todos sus años de trabajo: “El monumento de la mano abierta” es un lugar donde superpone esa geografía construida (la idealizada con la hallada), diversos dibujos han ido otorgándole en el tiempo esa capacidad de expresar la vocación del tiempo construido . La mano - además de serlo- ya no es más un símbolo o un “signo”, es un mapa topográfico que contiene sus propósitos esenciales. Chandigarh se construye sobre esa “ciudad imaginada” – siendo sus numerosos dibujos de montañas, ríos y lagos cartografiados desde los botes, trenes, y aviones, - Le Corbusier siempre estuvo a esperaba encontrar un lugar que coincidiera y encajara con todas esas condiciones naturales- alegrías esenciales- y ese lugar fue Punjab (India); allí es cuando se eclipsan realmente por primera vez todos sus elementos configurados. Las montañas del Himalaya y el Lago Suknha más que elementos geográficos - que constituyen los límites del proyecto- son esencialmente imprescindibles para comprenderlo. El monumento de la mano abierta se configura como un recurso ideográfico en la obra de Le Corbusier. Abstract: The intention is to present the ideas that led to Le Corbusier to build its latest and unique urban project "Chandigarh", realize his dream of building on a city made up of those elements foreshadowed from his notebooks, photographs and texts of his trips to East 1911 South America 1929. Le Corbusier in Chandigarh discovers his imagined city, that set based on the construct of reason; mountains, landscapes, trees, skies, lakes and rivers, etc. and for this he designed a three-dimensional map that contained the fundamental reason for all his years of work: "The monument open hand" is a place where overlaps that built geography (the idealized with found), various drawings have been giving at the time that ability to express the vocation of time built. Besides hand the be-is no longer a symbol or a "sign" is a topographic map containing the essential purposes. Chandigarh is built on the "imagined city" - remains his numerous drawings of mountains, rivers and lakes mapped from boats, trains, and planes - Le Corbusier was always expected to find a place to coincide and fit with all those naturales- conditions essential- there was joy and Punjab (India); that's when all set items are really overshadow first. Himalaya Mountains and Lake Suknha than geographic features - which form the boundaries of the project are essentially necessary to understand it. The open hand monument is configured as an ideographic resource in the work of Le Corbusier.Palabras clave: constructo, dibujos, viajes, publicaciones, mano abierta. Keywords: Construct, Drawings, Travels, Publications, Open Hand. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/LC2015.2015.639