Recent Advances in the Oxone-Mediated Synthesis of Heterocyclic Compounds

Oxone is a commercially available oxidant, composed of a mixture of three inorganic species, being the potassium peroxymonosulfate (KHSO5) the reactive one. Over the past few decades, this cheap and environmentally friendly oxidant has become becoming a powerful tool in organic synthesis, being extensively employed to mediate the construction of a plethora of important compounds. This review summarizes the recent advances in the Oxone-mediated synthesis of N-, O- and chalcogen-containing heterocyclic compounds, through a wide diversity of reactions, starting from several kinds of substrate, highlighting the main synthetic differences, advantages, the scope and limitations.

Development of ‘Bondarmine’ disinfectant formulation and study of its Tuberculosis effect

The article presents the results of studying the bactericidal properties of the disinfectant ‘Bondarmin’, consisting of potassium peroxymonosulfate, sulfonol (surfactant), adipic acid (hexanedioic acid), and sodium chloride. The active component of the preparation is potassium peroxymonosulfate (KHSO5), which being HSO5 ion in solution, has an oxidizing effect on the cysteine moieties of microorganism proteins. The highest oxidation-reduction potential is achieved in an acidic medium (pH 2.0–2.3), which is provided by a buffer additive — adipic acid, as well as additionally the presence of sodium chloride in the solution, which creates a high ionic force of the solution, and therefore contributes to the high osmotic pressure of the solution — important factors of biocidal action. KHSO5 slowly oxidizes chlorides to chlorine, which has an additional bactericidal effect (high availability of disinfectant to internal surfaces). Studies on the bactericidal properties of the ‘Bondarmin’ disinfectant were carried out in accordance with the methodological recommendations ‘Determination of bactericidal properties of disinfectants, disinfection and control of its quality in tuberculosis of farm animals’. Experimental studies have established bactericidal effect of disinfectant ‘Bondarmin’ in concentration 1.0% per exposure of 3 hr in relation to atypical mycobacteria M. fortuitum and tuberculosis pathogens M. bovis and M. avium

Controlling CH4 Emissions from Integrated Vertical-Flow Constructed Wetlands by Using Potassium Peroxymonosulfate (PMS) as Oxidant

It is very important to control methane emissions to reduce global warming. In this study, an attempt was made to adjust the oxidation-reduction potential (Eh) by adding different mass of potassium peroxymonosulfate (PMS) (0 g, 31.25 g, 62.5 g, 125 g, 250 g and 500 g) to reduce methane from integrated vertical-flow constructed wetlands (IVCW). Results show that the reduced CH4 emission from IVCW was the highest with decreased by 43.5% compared to blank group (PMS=0), when adding 125g PMS. Importantly, the reduced CH4 from the root-water system of IVCW was higher than that of the stem-leaf system of IVCW, when adding PMS. It’s found that Eh not only has a significant correlation with CH4 flux, but also has a significant relationship between PMS quality, DO, water temperature and sampling time (yEh= -0.44XPMS + 6.82XDO + 0.38t - 264.1, R2 = 0.99). It concludes that PMS, as an oxidant, is a very feasible method for controlling methane emissions from IVCW. Further research may combine other methods such as microbiology, physical control and hydrology control for mitigating the CH4 emissions from constructed wetlands.

Evaluation of Effects of Laboratory Disinfectants on Mouse Gut Microbiota

Disturbances in the gut microbiota are known to be associated with numerous human diseases. Mice have proven to be an invaluable tool for investigating the role of the gut microbiota in disease processes. Nonexperimental factors related to maintaining mice in the laboratory environment are increasingly being shown to have inadvertent effects on the gut microbiotaand may function as confounding variables. Microisolation technique is a term used to describe the common biosecuritypractice of spraying gloved hands with disinfectant before handling research mice. This practice prevents contamination with pathogenic microorganisms. To investigate if exposure to disinfectants can affect the mouse gut microbiota, C57BL/6 micewere exposed daily for 27 consecutive days to commonly used laboratory disinfectants through microisolation technique.The effects of 70% ethanol and disinfectant products containing chlorine dioxide, hydrogen peroxide, or potassium peroxymonosulfate were each evaluated. Fecal pellets were collected after 7, 14, 21, and 28 d of disinfectant exposure, and cecal contents were collected at day 28. DNA extractions were performed on all cecal and fecal samples, and microbial community structure was characterized using 16S ribosomal RNA amplicon sequencing. Alpha and β diversity metrics and taxon-level analyses were used to evaluate differences in microbial communities. Disinfectant had a small but significant effect on fecal microbial communities compared with sham-exposed controls, and effects varied by disinfectant type. In general, longerexposure times resulted in greater changes in the fecal microbiota. Effects on the cecal microbiota were less pronounced and only seen with the hydrogen peroxide and potassium peroxymonosulfate disinfectants. These results indicate that laboratory disinfectant use should be considered as a potential factor that can affect the mouse gut microbiota.

Effectiveness of Chemical Compounds Used against African Swine Fever Virus in Commercial Available Disinfectants

African swine fever (ASF) causes huge economic losses and is one of most dangerous diseases of pigs. The disease is known for almost 100 years, an effective vaccine or treatment is still unavailable, only proper biosecurity measures, including disinfection, are being applied, in order to prevent disease outbreaks. Eight active substances, i.e., formaldehyde, sodium hypochlorite, caustic soda, glutaraldehyde, phenol, benzalkonium chloride, potassium peroxymonosulfate and acetic acid, were tested, in order to confirm their effectiveness against African swine fever virus (ASFV). This specific selection was done based on the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE)’s recommendation and previous disinfectant studies on surfaces. The result of our study shows that most of them inactivate the virus, in recommended concentrations. In order to reduce the cytotoxicity of the four substances, Microspin S-400 HR columns were applied, therefore making it possible to demonstrate four logarithms virus titer reduction. Sodium hypochlorite, glutaraldehyde, caustic soda and potassium peroxymonosulfate showed the best ASFV inactivation rates, achieving titer reductions over 5 logs. Despite microfiltration, the virucidal activity of formaldehyde was not assessable, due to its high cytotoxicity. Our results showed that cleaning is particularly important, because removal of the soiling provides improved effectiveness of the tested chemical compounds.