Evaluation of geographical indication for the clay handicraft from a city in the Northeast of Brazil

Geographical indications (GIs) can provide quality perception to a product by recognizing its unique characteristics, which creates the expectation that the registration of a GI is associated with its regional economic development. According to the literature, there are two types of GI: appellation of origin (AO) and indication of source (IS). The present study aimed to evaluate the best practice for obtaining an IS for the clay handicrafts produced in the municipality of Santana do São Francisco, in the northeast region of Brazil. Applied research, with a qualitative structure, was the methodology used to identify and select the ideal agents that potentiate the gains resulting from the GI. The evaluation was based on the methodology defined by the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply of Brazil (Mapa), adapted for the qualification of agents able to carry out the necessary actions for the recognition process. The results showed that the Association of Artisans and the Brazilian Micro and Small Business Support Service (Sebrae) could act as the requesting and support entities, respectively, since both fulfill the requirements to work in favor of obtaining an indication of source in Santana do São Francisco.

Indication of Source - The Protection of Tenun Ikat Sumba to Encourage The Economy of The Local Community

Tenun ikat Sumba is one craft of the Nusa Tenggara community used in worship services. The use of natural dyes in tenun ikat Sumba is an economic commodity that should be empowered to increase the economy of the Sumba community. The economic improvement of tenun ikat Sumba begins with an indication of source protection which should be given by the local government of Nusa Tenggara. This is a descriptive analytical study on the need of the local government to enforce the protection of tenun ikat Sumba through the inclusion of tenun ikat Sumba in a local government decree as a declarative effort in line with the mandate of Article 63 of Law Number 20 Year 2016 on Marks and Geographical Indications. Protection of indications of source by the local government is expected to encourage the economic progress of the local community, especially Sumba women, as well as the preservation of the culture of the local Sumba community.Keywords : Indication of source, tenun ikat Sumba, local community

An Early Work from the School of al-Māturīdī

The British Museum has a manuscript (Or. 12781), a long pamphlet of 82 folios, octavo size; folio 1r carries the title and 82v is blank. The page has 13 lines of big writing with 10 or 11 words to the line. It is modern with no author's name or indication of source; the title is “The book of refutation of the heretics, entitled al-sawād al-a‘zam according to the doctrine of the most great imām, Abū Ḥanīfa”. The author is Abu'l-Qāsim Isḥāq b. Muḥammad al-Māturīdī († 342). He may have been a brother of the more celebrated al-Māturīdī who was the founder of the school; at any rate, he studied. fiqh including theology under him; he “took taṣawwuf” from Abū Bakr al-Warrāq (Muḥammad b. ‘Umar al-Ḥakīm) and others. It is a popular work addressed to a wide audience; some passages suggest the hedge-preacher rather than the scholar. At the Judgment there will be a bridge in seven divisions, all more slippery than a mirror and darker than night and each with three sections, every one a thousand years long, being climb, descent, and level. On them seven questions will be asked about faith, prayer, fasting, alms, pilgrimage, ablutions, and duty to parents (30r). When Muḥammad went up to heaven God commanded him to fast six months in the year; on the advice of Moses this was cut down to one month (76r). One who has killed 100,000 Muslims and had illicit intercourse with 100,000 Muslim women is still a believer if he repents (1Ov, cf. 80v). The aṣḥāb al-kahf lived 80 years after Jesus (38v); another story is that they met one of His disciples.