On Chinese Translation of Long English Sentences in EST From the Perspective of English Thinking Modes

Expression follows man’s thinking, nature of translation is the transfer of different thinking modes, and thinking is the foundation and precondition of translation. Studying the thinking characteristic of source languages and analyzing the differences between English and Chinese help to find the solution to the problems in translation. The paper probes into the features of English language in thinking and explores the syntactic structures in EST and focuses on strategies in the process of translating long sentences in EST.

Ternary Taiji Models of the Traditional Chinese Self: Centered on Confucian, Taoist, and Buddhist Cultures

Traditional Chinese culture is commonly viewed as a trinity of Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism. Originally emerging from the Book of Changes, the concept of Taiji has a profound interactive influence with Confucian, Taoist, and Buddhist thought in the history of Chinese philosophy. Because the construction of self-models is often closely related to thinking modes, as a root metaphor in the Chinese culture, the diagram of Taiji that best fits Chinese yin–yang thinking can be used as a prototype to explain the self-structure, the process of self-cultivation, and the realm of person making in the context of Chinese culture. This article reviews the Confucian, Taoist, and Buddhist Taiji model of the self and the theory of self-cultivation realms based on these self-models and examines the similarities and differences among them. The ternary Taiji models of the self can complement one another and contribute to a more comprehensive, profound, and accurate understanding of the pluralistic connotations of the traditional Chinese self.

Young Students’ Functional Thinking Modes: The Relation Between Recursive Patterning, Covariational Thinking, and Correspondence Relations

A theoretical model describing young students’ (Grades 1–3) functional-thinking modes was formulated and validated empirically (n = 345), hypothesizing that young students’ functional-thinking modes consist of recursive patterning, covariational thinking, correspondence-particular, and correspondence-general factors. Data analysis suggested that functional-thinking tasks can be categorized on the basis of the proposed model. Analysis traced three categories of students that represent different functional-thinking profiles. Category 1 students exhibited a recursive-thinking profile. Category 2 students utilized a combination of recursive and contextual strategies and exhibited an emergent covariational and correspondence-particular thinking. Category 3 students approached functional-thinking situations flexibly, using a combination of covariational and correspondence strategies. A structural model showed two parallel paths from recursive patterning to correspondence-general through correspondence-particular or covariational.

Klassisen konservatismin ajattelurakenteet ja periaatteet

This article analyzes the main thinking modes and principles of classical conservatism. This concept is due to Edmund Burke’s Reflections on the Revolution in France and his followers’ contemplations. Although in the passage of time different schools have derived from classical set, they share certain common thinking modes and principles. Conservatism, liberalism, and socialism are three mutually competing political philosophies. Conservatism values traditions and customs, prejudice, and natural authorities, like family, church, and local communities. They are answers that have been discovered to enduring questions, not arbitrary rules and conventions. They assist people to act and react in situations they don’t fully master.

Mapping (Un)Common Space of Ethical Gradualism in the Era of the Anthropocene

One of the main objectives of this article is to clarify how – taking into account that mapping (un)common worlds into one (un)common space is not an axiologically neutral process – one can avoid the pitfalls of thinking by adopting “either or” thinking modes, i.e. one can avoid choosing either radical anthropocentrism or radical eco-centrism as a starting point when mapping space in the era of the Anthropocene. In this context, I raise a hypothesis that such a methodological shift is possible if one succeeds, by developing some moral capacities, in applying the principle of ethical gradualism into an interspecies context.

A Contrastive Analysis of Legend of Zhen Huan and Empress in the Palace on Impact of Differences Between Chinese and Western Thinking Mode on Translation

Translation is not only a language activity, but also a conceptual work. The differences between Chinese and western thinking modes lead to different expressions. It is the key point to realize the differences between Chinese and western thinking modes and then learn to transform them appropriately in translation. This paper takes Legend of Zhen Huan and Empress in the Palace as an example to explore the impact of differences between Chinese and Western thinking modes on translation. The embodiment of thinking modes was analyzed from five aspects, which are ethical and cognitive thinking modes, comprehension and rationality thinking modes, fuzzy and precise thinking modes, subjective and objective thinking modes as well as inductive and deductive thinking modes. The comparison between the above five aspects illustrates the