Human distribution and spatial-temporal clustering analysis of human brucellosis in China from 2012 to 2016

Background Brucellosis is a major public health issue in China, while its temporal and spatial distribution have not been studied in depth. This study aims to better understand the epidemiology of brucellosis in the mainland of China, by investigating the human, temporal and spatial distribution and clustering characteristics of the disease. Methods Human brucellosis data from the mainland of China between 2012 and 2016 were obtained from the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention. The spatial autocorrelation analysis of ArcGIS10.6 and the spatial-temporal scanning analysis of SaTScan software were used to identify potential changes in the spatial and temporal distribution of human brucellosis in the mainland of China during the study period. Results A total of 244 348 human brucellosis cases were reported during the study period of 2012–2016. The average incidence of human brucellosis was higher in the 40–65 age group. The temporal clustering analysis showed that the high incidence of brucellosis occurred between March and July. The spatial clustering analysis showed that the location of brucellosis clustering in the mainland of China remained relatively fixed, mainly concentrated in most parts of northern China. The results of the spatial-temporal clustering analysis showed that Heilongjiang represents a primary clustering area, and the Tibet, Shanxi and Hubei provinces represent three secondary clustering areas. Conclusions Human brucellosis remains a widespread challenge, particularly in northern China. The clustering analysis highlights potential high-risk human groups, time frames and areas, which may require special plans and resources to monitor and control the disease.

Human and spatial-temporal clustering analysis of human brucellosis in mainland China from 2012 to 2016

Background: Brucellosis is a major public health issue in China, whose epidemiology has not been well studied. This study aims to better understand the epidemiology of brucellosis in mainland China, by investigating the human, temporal and spatial distribution and clustering characteristics of the disease. Methods: Human brucellosis data from mainland China between 2012 and 2016 were obtained from the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention. The ArcGIS10.3 (ESRI, Redlands) and SaTScan software were used to identify potential changes in the spatial and temporal distribution of human brucellosis in mainland China during the study period. Results: A total of 244,348 human brucellosis cases were reported during the study period of 2012-2016. The average incidence of human brucellosis was higher in the 40-65 age group. The temporal clustering analysis showed that the high incidence of brucellosis occured between March and July. The spatial clustering analysis showed that the location of brucellosis clustering in mainland China remained relatively fixed, mainly concentrated in most parts of northern China. The results of the spatial-temporal clustering analysis showed that Heilongjiang represents a primary clustering area, and the Tibet, Shanxi and Hubei provinces represent three secondary clustering areas. Conclusions: Human brucellosis remains a widespread challenge, particularly in northern China. The clustering analysis highlights potential high-risk human groups, time frames and areas, which may require special plans and resources to monitor and control the disease.

Human and spatial-temporal clustering analysis of human brucellosis in mainland China from 2012 to 2016

Objective: The aim of the present study was to better understand the epidemiology of brucellosis in mainland China. We set out to investigate the human, temporal and spatial distribution and clustering characters of the disease. Methods: Human brucellosis data from mainland China between 2012 and 2016 were collected from the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention. Geographic information system ArcGIS10.3 (ESRI, Redlands) and SaTScan software were used to identify potential changes in the spatial and temporal distribution of human brucellosis in mainland China during the study period.Results: A total of 244,348 cases of human brucellosis were reported during the study period. During 2012-2016, the average incidence of human brucellosis was higher in the 40-65 age group. The temporal clustering analysis showed that the high incidence of brucellosis occurring between march and July annually. The spatial clustering analysis of the incidence of human brucellosis showed that the location of brucellosis clustering in mainland China remained relatively fixed, mainly concentrated in most parts of northern China. The result of spatial-temporal clustering analysis showed that there is a primary cluster area of Heilongjiang , and three secondary clusters area of Tibet, Shanxi and Hubei province.Conclusion: Human brucellosis remains a widespread challenge, particularly in northern China. The clustering analysis highlights potential high-risk human, time and areas which may require special plans and resources for monitoring and controlling the disease.

Human and spatial-temporal clustering analysis of human brucellosis in mainland China from 2012 to 2016

Objective: The aim of the present study was to better understand the epidemiology of brucellosis in mainland China. We set out to investigate the human, temporal and spatial distribution and clustering characters of the disease.Methods: Human brucellosis data from mainland China between 2012 and 2016 were collected from the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention. A geographic information system ArcGIS10.3 (ESRI, Redlands) and SaTScan software were used to identify potential changes in the spatial and temporal distribution of human brucellosis in mainland China during the study period.Results: A total of 244,348 cases of human brucellosis were reported during the study period. During 2012-2016, the average incidence of human brucellosis was higher in the 40-60 age group. The temporal clustering analysis showed that the high incidence of brucellosis occurring between march and July annually. The spatial clustering analysis of the incidence of human brucellosis showed that the location of brucellosis clustering in mainland China remained relatively fixed, mainly concentrated in most parts of northern China. The results of spatial-temporal clustering analysis showed that the primary cluster located in northeast of China, including Inner Mongolia, Heilongjiang, Jilin and Liaoning, and the high-risk time was from January 2012 to December 2013.Conclusion: Human brucellosis remains a widespread challenge, particularly in northern China. The clustering analysis highlights potential high-risk human, time and areas which may require special plans and resources for monitoring and controlling the disease.

SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL CLUSTERING ANALYSIS OF EXTREME WAVE EVENTS AROUND THE UK COASTLINE

In northern Europe and the UK in particular, a remarkable series of storms occurred over the winter of 2013/14, with large waves which led to considerable damage to coastal infrastructure. The most significant features of this storm season were the length of coastline affected by flooding (i.e., ‘spatial footprints’) and the short inter-arrival times between extreme events (i.e., ‘temporal clustering’) (Haigh et al., 2016). These extreme wave event characteristics had a large contribution to the devastating consequences along the coast, yet little attention has been paid to them in previous studies. The main aim of this study is to assess the spatial footprints and the temporal clustering of extreme wave events around the UK to facilitate the inclusion of such information into coastal management.