Subjective forecasting of security practices in extreme situations

The purpose of the research is to study the features of the subject’s predicted choice of security practices in connection with extreme life situations that are significant for him. The main hypothesis was the assumption that the choice of security practices can be associated with the type of extreme situation that initiates it, in such a way that each group of these practices corresponds with a certain type of extreme situations. The research was exploratory in nature. The authors used the methods of incomplete sentence and subjective scaling. A total of 200 university students participated in the study on a voluntary basis. The sample included 118 (59 %) girls and 82 (41 %) boys aged 18–21 years. The respondents identified subjectively significant extreme situations, such as illness, pressure on the psyche, domestic extreme, financial fraud, transport accident, trauma at work, criminal aggression, natural disaster, terrorist attack, destructive social conflict. Factorization has established their semantic grouping into general social, public and private extreme situations. The authors based the study on the selection of the following security practices: normative (compliance with safety instructions, safety memos, following the developed safety rules), socio-­cultural (taking into account the signs of danger, the use of talismans, protective amulets, conducting a ritual of protection against threats) and individual (compliance with the recommendations of significant persons on safety, the use of their own safety rules, their own safety traditions). The authors established on an empirical basis, that the choice of security practices differs depending on the extreme situation that initiates it. The most preferable for students are individual security practices, the least preferable are socio-­cultural ones. The choice of official security practices is more often associated with public extreme situations; the choice of socio-­cultural and individual security practices is more often associated with private extreme situations. The problem has prospects for further research.

Disarmament Debates around the 1899 Hague Peace Conference and the 1921–1922 Washington Conference: Community-Oriented Aspirations and Individual Security Concerns

When disarmament started to interest the major states and international lawyers at around the time of the 1899 Hague Conference, two distinct positions concerning the law of disarmament became apparent: proponents and opponents. The proponents, with their community-oriented aspirations, found much merit in establishing the law of disarmament, while the opponents, with their individual security concerns, saw nothing but negative consequences for such a possibility. Given these two forces in the disarmament debate, one could wonder how the 1921–1922 Washington Conference was able to produce a treaty limiting the naval armament. This article tries to show that the Washington Naval Treaty was different from the law of disarmament that the proponents had envisioned, and that it was made possible by carefully crafted provisions to limit its own impact on the security of the naval powers.

Financial risks of budget security and their state regulation

The purpose of the article is to substantiate the features of financial risks of the budget component of financial security of Ukraine on the example of the analysis of expenditures for individual security-forming sectors. Research methods. A monographic method was used to review scientific publications of researchers and the regulatory framework on budget security, empirical, systemic and comparative analyzes and synthesis for monitoring indicators and sub-indices of financial and budget security, a graphical method to reflect the dynamics of the studied indicators, a statistical method to identify the integration of risks, abstract logical for theoretical generalizations and conclusions. Research results. Financial risks for the sphere of budget security are classified. The dynamics of the integrated index of economic security and subindex of financial security, and in its structure, budgetary security is analyzed; operational budget expenditures and expenditures on the food and national security sectors. The directions based on which the types of budget security are regulated are determined: focus on achieving the strategic goal; the need to guarantee the priority of budget expenditures for specific industries in the context of political, economic, artificial and global crises; for economic sectors - compliance with the balance of the industry's contribution to GDP and the share of its funding from the State Budget. Scientific novelty. The definition of financial risks of budget security as threats to organizational, regulatory, and administrative measures for the formation of state budget revenues and expenditures has been further developed. The analysis of financial security sub-indices for the current period is in-depth. The connection between financial and budgetary security has been established. The dependences of the dynamics and efficiency of budget expenditures on individual security-forming industries are studied. Methodological support of budget security analysis processes and approaches to the effectiveness of state regulation has been improved. Practical significance. Improvement of the grouping of financial risks, methodical approaches to the definition of directions of the state regulation of decrease in the level of financial risks in the field of budgetary safety is offered. Some conclusions of the study can be used to form the Strategy for the development of security-forming industries. Tabl.: 7. Figs.: 1. Refs.: 31.

Homophily Groups, Social Capital and Community Development in Cameroon

Social groups have contributed enormously in community development in Cameroon. Such contributions have very often been overlooked by policy makers, as such; is not included in policy formation. Social capital generated by groups has been discussed at length in the literature, but its effects on the society remain unclear, thus often only associated with poverty. Such association discourages creative endeavours as well as distorts its meaning and functioning. It also misleads future studies and distort their information searching path. This study discusses how homophily groups in Cameroon get funds from members, the diasporas and well wishers and use to provide services to the community. Some of the projects provided by these social groups include: school buildings, hospitals, water supply tanks; church buildings and equipments. They also provide individual security in the form of supporting vigilantic groups that help maintain law, order and peace in the community at large. The paper discusses the bases of their group formation which is the core of group sustainability. Data was collected from two large homophily groups, one ethnicity and one alumnae base with an average of one hundred and twenty five members per group in one region in Cameroon, and twenty five related Cameroonian in the diasporas. The result shows that the homophily groups are very devoted and committed in carrying out developmental projects in their various communities. The implication is that this study will encourage policy makers to recognise the activities of such groups which could motivate the emergence of others to imitate the approach to the overall communities. The recommendation is that they need to invest in money generating activities to enable them achieve their objectives without the strain of constantly dipping into their personal budget and depending on external sources for sustainability. The society needs to be educated to know the contributions of groups in the community.

Information Security in Information Systems Among Employees of Industrial Enterprises as Societies 5.0

The article presents the results of research on employee awareness of information security. The essence and methodology of society 5.0 was discussed. The study was an introduction to the study and was carried out in two groups of enterprises, the so-called ordinary and tycg constituting employees of the society 5.0. The strength of the relationship between individual security elements and those supporting society was also presented. 5.0.

nr="281"Die Quantifizierung des Selbst: : Das neue wissenschaftliche Subjekt und seine Leistungen

Zusammenfassung: Der Beitrag geht anhand aktueller Trends der Quantifizierung wissenschaftlicher Qualität der Frage nach, wie sich das Verhältnis von politischen und individuellen Sicherungsstrategien in Forschung und Lehre an den Universitäten verändert. Nicht wenige Universitäten müssen zwischen Unterfinanzierung und Hochleistungsdruck lavieren. Dabei lässt sich beobachten, dass wissenschaftliches Arbeiten einer zunehmenden Tendenz der Überwachung und Disziplinierung, die sich als bildungspolitische Sicherungsstrategie wissenschaftlicher Qualität ausgibt, ausgesetzt ist. So sind die deutschen Universitäten in eine Phase eingetreten, in der die elementaren Formveränderungen von Forschung und Lehre und die sie begleitenden Arbeitsbedingungen ein neues Realitätsniveau erreicht haben. Nicht mehr die Prävention und Bekämpfung unerwünschter Folgeabschätzungen von Bologna, Exzellenzstrategie oder akademische Wettbewerbsfähigkeit stehen zur Diskussion, sondern die eingetretene Entwicklungen zuvor, die permanente Mangelverwaltung und die Folgen für das wissenschaftliche Subjekt und seine Arbeit.Abstract: Using current trends in the quantification of scientific quality, this article examines the change in the relationship between political and individual security strategies in university research and teaching. Quite a few universities must balance between underfunding and high-performance pressure. Therefore, it can be observed that academic work is subject to an increasing tendency towards monitoring and disciplining, which pretends to be an educational policy strategy to secure academic quality. German universities have entered a phase in which the fundamental changes in the form of research and teaching and their accompanying working conditions have reached a new level of reality. No longer is the prevention of unintended Bologna impacts, the excellence strategy or academic competitiveness under discussion. The focus is rather on previous developments, the permanent management of deficiencies, and the consequences for the academic subject and their work.