Integrated Optimization Strategy for Sustainable Shared Designated Driver Ferry Vehicle Scheduling

The focus of this study is on optimizing the schedule adjustment scheme of shared designated driver ferry vehicles to obtain a sustainable and energy-efficient system to pick up and drop off designated drivers to serve drunk customers. A two-stage matching model for driver and customer supply and demand matching and driver ferry vehicle dispatching is designed in order to optimize the total distance travelled and minimize the generalized deviation costs. A maximum residual time adjustment algorithm is designed to reduce the logarithm of new interference demand, and a tabu search algorithm is used to solve the schedule adjustment scheme for ferry vehicles. The validity of the model and the algorithm is verified by a multiperiod example constructed in the Solomon test question bank. The result of numerical experiments shows that the proposed model and algorithm can solve the disruption adjustment scheduling strategy of shared designated driver ferry vehicles. The integrated optimization strategy can effectively improve the utilization rate and the operation efficiency of the shared driver ferry vehicles to reduce operation cost and energy consumption.

5. Legacies

‘Legacies’ explains that the most important legacy of prohibition in the United States concerned a dramatic change in drinking habits. The raunchy all-male saloon disappeared for good and per capita consumption of alcohol was reduced for a very long time. Consumption in the 1930s was one-third lower than before prohibition because people had little money to spend on drinks during the Great Depression and because a generation that had come of age during prohibition never imbibed much alcohol. Other legacies include industry-sponsored scientific research on alcohol and alcoholism; the founding of Alcoholics Anonymous, which placed responsibility for drinking upon the individual drinker; and the 1980s designated driver scheme proposed by Mothers Against Drunk Driving.

Overview of the Addiction Recovery Industry

This chapter traces the history of drug and alcohol use in America, starting in the 1850s through Prohibition, the emergence of Alcoholics Anonymous in 1935, and the treatment evolution around the 1950s. It reviews the US Drug Policy in the 1970s, the rise of the “designated driver” movement in the 1980s. There were 52,000 deaths due to overdose in 2015 with 33,000 of these attributed to opiates. The addiction-recovery business is now a $35 billion industry; yet there is still an access-to-care issue. Finally, this chapter examines the shift in medical culture to include risk evaluation and mitigation strategies, mandatory training in addiction and pain management, and the American College of Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) recognized medical specialty, addiction medicine. It presents the six different domains to best assess what intervention or treatment program is likely to help the patient and concludes that more money needs to be directed at mental health and addiction recovery programs.

Designated Driver Service Availability and Its Effects on Drunk Driving Behaviors

Designated driver service in Korea offers a convenient and affordable solution for drunk drivers to reach their destinations with their own vehicles. We investigate the influence of this service availability on drunk driving behaviors, using Korean panel data from 1998 to 2011. We find that an increase in designated driver firms significantly reduces both alcohol-involved and total traffic fatality rates, while the effects of well-known deterrence policies are weak. This result is further supported by a counterfactual analysis which compares the effect of the service on traffic fatality rates in daytime to those in nighttime when the rate of the service use is substantially higher.