The impact of the water commonweal propaganda on citizens' water-saving behavior: the intermediary role of propaganda channels and forms – evidence from China

The water commonweal propaganda is an important measure to promote citizens’ water resource conservation and water-saving behavior. Based on Amos 21.0, this paper adopts structural equation models, through variable extraction and path construction, to explore the mechanisms of how water commonweal propaganda influences citizens' water-saving behavior. The research investigates the case of China's water commonweal propaganda. The results show that: (1) when the same propaganda forms and channels are adopted, the impact of different water commonweal propaganda content on citizens' water-saving behavior is significantly different; (2) with the same water commonweal propaganda content, different propaganda forms and channels have different impacts on citizens' water-saving behavior. Therefore, selecting appropriate propaganda forms and channels for the water commonweal propaganda can significantly improve their impact on citizens' water-saving behaviors. The research aims to provide theoretical support and practical basis for China's follow-up water commonweal propaganda.

Ecosystem-Based Adaptation Practices as a Nature-Based Solution to Promote Water-Energy-Food Nexus Balance

The objective of this study is to evaluate the contributions of ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA) practices to the water–energy–food (WEF) nexus balance, design practical pathways, and analyze barriers towards achievement of EbA-WEF balance. An area case study and descriptive methods were used to analyze data collected from 50 community forests (CFs) spread across three regions in The Gambia. Extensive information from relevant literature sources was also referred to in this study. Fourteen priority EbA practices were established and categorized into four major groups based on their application similarities. Among the anticipated ecosystem services were enhanced water resource conservation, food and feed production, enhanced energy supply, and improved community livelihoods to enhance their resilience. Pathways on how each practice under the broad category contributes to water, energy, and food were developed to demonstrate how they individually and collectively contribute towards the nexus balance. Key enablers identified included a conducive policy framework, institutional support, diverse incentives, information, knowledge, and technology transfer, and climate and non-climate barriers were cited as impediments. The paper concludes by outlining recommendations to overcome the established barriers.

Implementasi Teknologi Pemanen Air Hujan dan Drainase Vertikal untuk Konservasi Sumber Daya Air dan Pemenuhan Kebutuhan Air Rumah Tangga

Open land degradation due to increasing of settlement area effect to water shortage (i.e. water recharging reduction and run off enhancement). Rain harvesting and vertical drainage approach could be an alternative solution. Additionally, rainwater is a potential water source for dometic water. The social empowerement program aim to increase our partner knowledge and ability on water reseource protection. The program was conducted in Kaliori Village, Banyumas Regency, Central Java Province. Some program were applied such as collecting the data of partner profile, counselling, dissemination of technology, and evaluation. Techology dessimination was conducted in one of member located around Kaliori Landfill. The result showed knowledge improvement of partner about water resource conservation including rain harvesting and vertical drainage approach. However, lack of the equipment performance due to longer dry periode during program. It could affect the partner motivation on approach replication. Partner knowledge improvement on water resource and the techonology (i.e. rain harvesting and vertical dranage approach) was expected to better habit on water resource conservation.

Deadwood volume and quality in recreational forests: the case study of the Belgrade forest (Turkey)

Aim of the study: The aim of this study is to understand quantitative and qualitative characteristics of deadwood in recreational forests.Area of study: Belgrade forest in the North of Istanbul city (Turkey).Material and methods: The data has been collected through a stratified sampling scheme that has randomly located 50 clusters formed by 3 sample plots each (150 sample plots).Main results: The results show an average deadwood volume of 16.49 m3 ha-1 (81.5% in logs, 16.4% in snags, 2.1% in stumps). The highest volume of deadwood is in oldest forests (age over 180 years) with an average value of 20.39 m3 ha-1, followed by forests with 61-120 years with 15.77 m3 ha-1. Concerning forest management objectives, the results show that average deadwood volume is 13.66 m3 ha-1 in the forest section managed for water resource conservation and 21.14 m3 ha-1 in the forest section managed for recreational purposes.Research highlights: Deadwood management in the recreational forests must consider both biodiversity conservation and recreational attractiveness of an area.Keywords: forest management; forest types; forest accessibility; stand age; wood decomposition rate.

Sustainable Water Conservation Practices and Challenges among Smallholder Farmers in Enyibe Ermelo Mpumalanga Province, South Africa

The study examined the adoption of water conservation practices and challenges encountered by smallholder farmers in water resource conservation in Enyibe, Ermelo South Africa. The data were collected using structured questionnaires, observation and focus group discussion. Frequency, mean and logistics regression were used for data analysis. Age (β=1.238), sex (β=-1.497), level of education (β=-1.062), access to irrigation facilities (β=1.690), payment of water tariff (β=1.369) and agricultural extension advice (β=-.631) were significant and associated with adoption of water conservation practice. The identified constraints in the adoption process were inadequate technical guidelines, financial, government policies, and inadequate knowledge of water conservation practices. There is need to improve information, showcase the benefits of water conservation, and ensure maintenance of water conservation infrastructure. Concerted effort must be made to establish robust database on water resource conservation and sources of water utilised in the area. Keywords: Sustainable, water conservation, constraints, adoption