Problems of Formation of System Thinking in Modern Russian Education

The construction of new, market-based economic relations in Russia in the early 90s of the last century was accompanied by a radical transformation of the education system to the Bologna standard. At the same time, Western scientists - teachers drew attention to the work on the cognitive development of the child by L.S. Vygotsky, the theory of developmental education by P.Ya. Galperin, the theory of inventive problem solving by G.S. Altshuller and the results of research by other scientists providing the formation of systems thinking in Soviet education. The article shows that the documents regulating the development of Russian education include the formation of systematic and critical thinking in students, but in practice this is not always implemented. The directions of transformation of the Russian education system since the beginning of building market relations in the 90s of the last century are identified as the cause of the current situation. The formation of systems thinking in higher education should consider the peculiarities of the age dynamics of adults. The most developed figurative and verbal thinking among students makes it possible to use the teaching methods of V.F. Shatalov, which reduces the time for studying educational materials by more than 30 times in comparison with classical teaching methods.

Codes of Modern Written Communication: Acoustic-Auditory vs. Manual-Visual

The article introduces the semiotic, cognitive, and technical aspects of the most important trends in the modern written communication, which arise as a result of the competition between acoustic-auditory and manual-visual codes. The author believes that Russian education has to adapt to the contemporary trends in virtual communication, which requires a preliminary research. The problem is that the integral-systemic presentation of communicative content is developing as a result of the growing share of visual data in various types of communication. The school course of Russian is based on elementary strategies and cannot keep up with these changes. Video-clip unites give the visual-written perception much better holistic possibilities than those of the phono-auditory-written channel. The competition of these two forms of writing is unlikely to displace the weaker opposition member. Chances are that it will redistribute their functions based on the advantages of each form.

Selection of a Higher Educational Institution by Foreign Students: Motives, Factors and Problems (Based on the Results of Sociological Studies)

The article presents the results of two sociological studies carried out for the purpose of research of motivation of obtaining a higher education and factors of selection of a higher educational institution by foreign students, revelation of problems and elaboration of recommendations for their solution. It was revealed that foreign students in general praise obtaining a higher education, and that motivational postulates of obtaining education include not only commercial goals but cultural as well. It was established that Russian education is praised by foreign students in terms of quality, and that foreign students seek Russian education purposefully. It was found that Russia is a financially attractive country for foreign students, including employment. The study demonstrated a great significance of the website and social media of a higher educational institute for making decision on obtaining education in this higher educational institute. The results of the study showed that the level of competence in higher educational institutes of the city conforms to the requirements of foreign students and satisfies their demands maximally. At the same time several problems were revealed relating to training of foreign students: language problems; problems in training; communicational problems; social and cultural problems and social and everyday problems. Several recommendations were made to solve those problems.

Global and national tracks of mobility of graduates of educational institutions in Russia

Introduction. Involvement in global information flows, holding major international events in Russia, focusing on interaction with foreign universities and partners creates conditions for the formation of modern youth's focus on the global track of mobility – admission to educational organizations of foreign countries. At the same time, role and quality of education in Russia in the global market are increasing through the development of Russian education, internationalization and networking of universities. Such tendencies to increase mobility in education naturally require a study of the prevalence of the ideas of mobility in general and in certain areas among schoolchildren and university students. The aim of the study is to reveal the prevalence of the ideas of mobility (potential mobility), both within Russia and abroad, among graduates of educational institutions (at different levels). Materials and research methods. The study involved 1136 graduates of educational institutions in Ekaterinburg, of which 30% are graduates of secondary schools, lyceums and gymnasiums, 60% are graduates of bachelor's degrees from 4 universities, and 10% are graduates of master's degree from 3 universities. Research results. A study conducted in 2020–2021 indicated the following trends: the higher the level of education, the higher the value of the educational environment in the country of residence, the more broadly represented the national track of mobility (schoolchildren – 46%, bachelors – 51%, masters – 54%). Among the global market of educational services for all graduates of educational institutions in Russia, priority is given to Europe. Among bachelors, there are more of those who are confident that they can find the desired job in Russia (21%) than in another country. Master students are more confident in the possibilities of working in their specialty in Russia (36%). The older the graduate becomes, the more rational motives prevail in the track of mobility. Conclusion. The study of potential mobility allows us to conclude that the predominance of the national track of mobility is directly proportional to growing up, the older the respondent, the more rationally he approaches the choice of a further place of study and residence, taking into account the possibilities, both intellectual and financial. Thus, it becomes obvious why sufficiently high figures of potential mobility do not become as high indicators of real educational and labor emigrations.

Roadmap for the future of global education project: designers' objectives and potential risks

The article carries out a teleological analysis of the structure and content of the map-scheme of the project of global education “The Future of Global Education”, which formed the basis of the National Project “Education”, the implementation of which was approved by the Ministry of Education in 2020 as a model of the desired future of global education and Russian education as an integral part of it until 2035. The analysis revealed the Roadmap (hereinafter referred to as “RM”) of the “Future of Global Education” project developed by ASI (Agency for Strategic Initiatives under the President of the Russian Federation), NRU HSE, Moscow School of Management Skolkovo, Sberinvest Management Company, Cisco, etc.; revealed its dystopian nature, and generalised the critical remarks of the pedagogic, educational and scientific communities regarding the structure, content and risks associated with the implementation of important events reflected by the designers in the “RM”.

Educational emigration of Iranian and Tajik students to Russia: a comparative analysis

Academic mobility of students is a complex phenomenon that plays an important role in the process of socio-economic and cultural development of receiving and sending countries. With the beginning of the globalization process, the movement of scientists, professors, students, etc. has become easier, faster, and more convenient, which has prompted universities and research institutions to attract students from abroad. Russia, like many other countries, has created the project «Development of the export potential of the Russian education system». However, there are different internal and external factors affecting the export process of Russian educational services. The purpose of this study is to compare the motives of foreign students from Iran and Tajikistan who chose Russia as a destination country to continue their education. This study uses a qualitative approach using open, semi-structured interviews with international students from Iran and Tajikistan. In total, 33 students from four cities and 6 different universities in Russia were interviewed with 21 men and 12 women aged 20 to 31 years old. The results of this study show that Iranian and Tajik students have much in common in terms of language, culture, values, and traditions but differ in their motives and decision-making process.

Designing a Teacher's Horizontal Career based on Additional Types of Pedagogical Activities and Professional Achievements: Russian and International Experiences

The relevance of developing approaches to the formation of organizational and regulatory conditions for teachers professional careers is determined by the goals of implementing the Russian Federal project Teacher of the Future and the necessity to provide the quality of Russian education by improving teachers professional competence. The aim of the present study is to develop a model of a teachers career based on the institutionalization of the professional roles of mentor and methodologist as additional types of pedagogical acti- vities and professional achievements. The official concept of the National Teacher Growth System (NTGS) was based in different periods on the research of different scholar teams that proposed the formation of a vertical teachers career by introducing from two to five new positions, and has changed several times in recent years, but has not been implemented. Based on the analysis and theoretical comprehension of Russian and international practices of stimulating the professional growth of teachers, a project of a diversified professional career trajectory in relation to the teachers position (horizontal career) is proposed; framework requirements for the amount and quality of additional types of pedagogical activities are identified for their differentiated assessment at each stage of a teachers career. The proposed model can be used as an intermediate one and developed at the next stages of the implementation of the federal project Teacher of the Future towards the introduction of new positions, new qualification categories, new opportunities to form teachers professional growth trajectories for career-building and professional development.

Analysis of migration processes in russian education in the context of the ongoing social and cultural transformation development and testing of a model of distance education

The article explores labor migration processes in modern Russian school education. The relevance of this research is due to the current shortage of teachers in Russian schools, especially young specialists. The main method was qualitative content analysis of documents, statistical data, and available resources on this issue presented in the scientific articles on this issue. This paper shows that the transitional state of modern Russian society – social and cultural transformation – has a significant impact on the processes of professional migration. The article reveals the connection between the ongoing social and cultural transformation and the processes of labor migration of Russian teachers and graduates of pedagogical universities, which is a new perspective for considering this issue, since the problem of labor migration has not been examined from this angle.

In the Labyrinths of Russian Education: Methodological aspect

The study explored one of the most exciting topics for society in recent decades — education, which is viewed through the prism of historical, cultural, philosophical manifestation. The study of the “phenomenon” of the current state of Russian education as a special topic in philosophy is poorly studied and problematic in the analytical sense. The article examines the processes of commercialization of Russian education, a departure from the humanitarian orientation. The significance of the processes of commodification and consumerization for the education system in Russia is shown. Attention is drawn to the understanding of the term “human capital” introduced by the American economist T. Schultz. In the conclusion, it is said about the need to reproduce the traditional education system in Russia, aimed at educating the individual and preserving cultural traditions.

The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Education at Various Levels

Aim. The presented study aims to analyze the impact of the pandemic on Russian education at different levels.Tasks. The authors consider the specific features of distance learning at different levels of education: general, vocational, and extended; identify the positive and negative effects of modern information technologies on the organization and results of education.Methods. This article uses general scientific methods of cognition, including analysis, synthesis, comparison, analogy.Results. The major problems that arose during the mass introduction of innovative technologies at educational institutions during the pandemic and the positive results of their application are identified. Despite the ambiguous attitude to distance learning, this format has certain positive aspects due to the modernization of the educational process.Conclusions. Digital technologies open up additional opportunities for personal development and self-improvement, giving access to information, digital tools, materials, and services. They make it possible to transfer the interaction between students and the academic staff to a new level, expand opportunities for self-check, improve motivation, and increase interest in gaining knowledge.