SINKRONISASI KURIKULUM JURUSAN AKUNTANSI DAN KEUANGAN LEMBAGA DI SMK NU 01 KENDAL

ABSTRAKKurikulum SMK dibuat agar peserta didik siap langsung masuk ke dunia kerja. Maka dari itu diperlukan pengembangan dan penyesuaian kurikulum sesuai dengan kebutuhan dunia usaha/dunia industri. Hal ini juga dibutuhkankan oleh SMK NU 01 Kendal jurusan akuntansi dan keuangan Lembaga karena kurikulum yang digunakan belum memberikan pengembangan keilmuan akuntansi, teknologi dan kesesuaian dengan kebutuhan dunia usaha/dunia industry (DU/DI). Tim pengabdian Program Studi Akuntansi Universitas Selamat Sri menaggapi positif dengan mengadakan kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat tentang sinkronisasi kurikulum pada jurusan akuntansi dan keuangan Lembaga SMK NU 01 Kendal. Tujuan kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah mengembangkan kurikulum sesuai dengan KKNI Level 2 yang berbasis pengembangan bidang ilmu akuntansi, memberikan realisasi konsep link and match antara SMK dan dunia usaha/dunia industry (DU/DI) dan berorientasi pada pengembangan teknologi. Kegiatan pengabdian dengan metode ceramah, tutorial, diskusi dan simulasi penyusunan kurikulum memberikan pemahaman dan keilmuan tentang perkembangan akuntansi, perkembangan teknologi dan kebutuhan Dunia Usaha Dunia Industri (DU/DI) untuk dapat diterapkan pada jurusan akuntansi dan keuangan lembaga di SMK NU 01 Kendal. Kata kunci: sinkronisasi kurikulum; jurusan akuntansi dan keuangan lembaga; SMK NU 01 Kendal ABSTRACTThe SMK curriculum is designed so that students are ready to enter the world of work. Therefore, it is necessary to develop and adjust the curriculum according to the needs of the business world/industrial world. This is also needed by SMK NU 01 Kendal majoring in accounting and institutional finance because the curriculum used does not provide scientific development of accounting, technology and conformity to the needs of the business world/industrial world (DU/DI). The service team for the Accounting Study Program at Selamat Sri University responded positively by holding community service activities regarding curriculum synchronization in the accounting and finance department of the SMK NU 01 Kendal. The purpose of this community service activity is to develop a curriculum in accordance with KKNI Level 2 which is based on the development of the field of accounting science, provides the realization of the link and match concept between SMK and the business world/industrial world (DU/DI) and is oriented towards technology development. Service activities with lecture methods, tutorials, discussions and curriculum preparation simulations provide understanding and knowledge of accounting developments, technological developments and the needs of the Industrial World Business World (DU/DI) to be applied to accounting and institutional finance departments at SMK NU 01 Kendal. Keywords: curriculum synchronization; department of accounting and institutional finance; SMK NU 01 Kendal

Risk Return Performance of Bitcoin and Alternative Investment Assets in Mixed Asset Portfolios in the Years 2018 to 2020

Research background: Since the financial crisis in 2008, numerous other cryptocurrencies have established themselves in the financial industry alongside Bitcoin. Although the validity of the user cases is still lacking, Bitcoin is already being used extensively in the institutional finance sector, among others. Here, the comparison of Bitcoin to other asset classes in mixed portfolio structures must be taken into account. According to the latter, far-reaching areas of investigation emerge by adding Bitcoin in the evaluation of risk-return ratios of mixed portfolio weightings. Purpose of the article: The objective of this paper is to examine, within the framework of Harry Markowitz’s efficiency theory, the impact of including Bitcoin as an investment asset for the risk-return ratios of mixed portfolio structures. Methods: The statistical analysis is based, among other things, on paired sample tests, where the return and volatility values are tested for significant differences in the selected test values. Findings & Value added: The statistical investigations show that the introduction of Bitcoin leads to advantageous return structures, but at the same time to significantly increased volatility values of the examined portfolio constellations. Setting a regional focus of the investment assets in the investigations led to a simplified evaluation basis and at the same time offers the scientific space for further investigations.

Determinants of financial inclusion in rural India: does gender matter?

PurposeSince finance is an efficacious instrument for economic development, social inclusion and women empowerment, the present paper examines the determinants of accessing institutional and non-institutional finance across male- and female-headed households in rural India.Design/methodology/approachMultinomial logistic regression is applied for categorizing households' accessing finance in four categories, namely Only Institutional Finance (IF), Only Non-institutional Finance (NIF), Both Sources of Finance (BF) and Neither Source of Finance (N). Both household and state-level determinants have been analysed. Household data set is sourced from the Situation Assessment Survey (NSSO, 70th round) and state-level data sets from Basic Road Statistics 2016, Agricultural Statistics at a Glance 2016, Rainfall Statistics of India 2014, database on Indian Economy RBI and Census 2011. Econometric regressions have been evaluated for female-headed households (FHHs), male-headed households (MHHs) and overall pooled households (HHs).FindingsFour important findings emerge. First, FHHs have a lower probability of accessing IF and a higher probability of accessing NIF vis-a-vis MHHs. Second, in general, education levels, monthly household consumption expenditure, land size holding, irrigated area and penetration of scheduled commercial banks favourably influence FHHs accessing IF. Third, FHHs belonging to socially disadvantaged castes have a lower probability of accessing IF. Fourth, a substantial proportion of FHHs accesses neither IF nor NIF relative to MHHs.Practical implicationsThe paper thoroughly addresses the issue of accessing finance by FHHs and MHHs, which will further assist policymakers in formulating holistic financial policies for rural India.Social implicationsThe paper recommends increasing women's access to financial services as an effective tool for reducing poverty and lowering income inequality in rural India.Originality/valueThis article contributes to the scant empirical literature on finance and gender.

Shari'ah-Based Financial Intermediation

Financial intermediation is the core of the banking business, as its role is to mediate between the owners of surplus funds and those in need of finance, sharing the generated profit with the funds' owners. However, financial intermediation does involve some economic risks in terms of concentration of debt in financial institutions and the possibility of the inability of financed clients to repay their debts. When this happens, financial crises are inevitable, as it occurred in 2008. Islamic finance does not differ in this regard from its traditional counterparts, because the concentration of debts also holds on the concept of Islamic institutional finance, and the possibility of collective default is possible as well. The study treats the issue of financial intermediation and its risks from Maqasidi aspect using home finance as a point of comparison between conventional home finance with Islamic home finance in terms of their economic effects. The study eventually proposes a model for home financing that is free of these cautions.

THE USE OF SELF-REFLECTIVE STRATEGIES IN TEACHING READING FOR STUDENTS OF VOCATIONAL SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL AT SMKN 1 LAMONGAN

This study aims to describe the use of self-reflective strategies in teaching reading at a vocational senior high school. Self-reflective strategies used in enhancing the students of vocational senior high school to reflect their comprehension on the given reading materials. This activity was considered effective in order to practice and drill the students’ critical thinking. The strategies should be implemented repeatedly to make the students more skillfully creating their comprehension on the given reading materials by integrating the keywords extracted from the given reading materials. This study was implemented in experimental design at two classes of Institutional Finance Accounting department (Akuntansi Keuangan Lembaga/AKL) class Xth. The experimental class was class Xth AKL1 that it consisted of 35 students. The control class was class Xth AKL2 consisted of 34 students. Class Xth AKL1 was chosen as the experimental class based on the class’ mean of the pretest that it was 2 points lower than class Xth AKL2. The () of the pretest score from class Xth AKL1 was 76. The of the post-test score from the experimental class was 86. The N-Gain score after having treatment from class Xth AKL1 was 70.7 in percentage. It can be assumed that this strategy was adequately effective to apply to the students on the reading subject reflecting their reading comprehension and therefore, the students could adjust the strategies to achieve their profound reading comprehension.

Rural Business Owners, Banker and Services: A Behaviour Model

Rural business owners have a continual need for credit. The lack of access to institutional finance is partly mitigated by the mega financial inclusion program in India (Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana, PMJDY) in August 2014. Other than access, exclusion can also be caused by individual characteristics, intention, attitude, perceived barriers, awareness, and suitability of product and services, banking requirements as well as banker’s behaviour. This research proposes and validates a comprehensive model of outcome based on these factors in the context of PMJDY. Business owners from rural areas who opened bank accounts under PMJDY were the respondents. The study finds that the banking outcome is significantly influenced by banker behaviour, product awareness, and the general attitude towards banking. The attitude towards specific products, demographics and income level of the rural businessmen do not influence the outcome of the banking process. Perceived inconveniences in banking or deterrence influence the intention and general attitude. Thus, the general attitude moderates the inconvenience and outcome. The product awareness is influenced by the customer’s attitude and banker’s behaviour, which in turn influence the outcome; an increase in the level of awareness will positively influence the outcome and should be the second step of financial inclusion.

APPLICABILITY OF MASLOW’S THEORY ON CONSTRUCTION WORKERS

India is literally galloping in Industrial Development. The traditional identity of agrarian economy is superseded by rapid industrialization. The country accords top priority for industrial growth. We have a commendable presence in World Trade Organization as well. India is considered as the mouthpiece of developing nations. Multinational Companies evince keen interest in having joint venture with Indian Corporates. They consider India as the safe platform for their industrial investment here. This, appreciably promotes employment opportunities in the country. People from rural areas move to urban areas seeking employment. The industrial pay structure is also reasonable enough enabling people have a good disposable income. The accumulation of people in the city necessitates more of living space in the city. The rental cost in the city is getting dearer. This results in construction of more number of apartments in multi storied buildings in the city and the outskirts of same. Another important thing that deserves mention is the easily available long term institutional finance for youngsters. They prefer to buy an apartment rather than going in for rental accommodation as, in comparison, the EMI is much better than paying rent which does not give them any benefit at all.

Cost economics in construction of multi storied buildings

India is fast moving forward from agrarian economy to Industrial Economy. Our country is considered to be a safe platform for industrial investment by the world. Global Leaders and very many MNCs (Multi-National Companies) are evincing keen interest in having Joint Venture or opening their manufacturing facility in India. India is witnessing a boom in industrialisation. This leads to vast employment opportunities to people of all walks of life. People are moving from rural areas to urban areas for occupational needs. This leads to mass arrival of people to city and consequently the rental costs also shoot up substantially. The industrial wage structure being reasonable with assured disposable income, people who prefer to stay in city start comparing rental costs versus paying EMI towards owning an apartment for themselves. The idea gets strong rooted with the easily available institutional finance to people, especially to youngsters with longer duration of EMI. All these result in a sustained demand for apartments. The builders, particularly in the city, are cashing in on the opportunity by embarking upon construction of multi storied buildings in the city and also the outskirts of same.