Perceived risk factors in the process of closure and greening of the Lupeni mining operation for the miner workplace

Determining the risk factors of a job is a process that requires many studies. Determining risk factors is necessary to prevent accidents at work. The process of closing and greening the Lupeni Mining Exploitation is a very complex one. The closure of the mining operation is done in stages for the underground and the surface based on a closure project. When implementing the closure and greening project, all occupational safety and health regulations must be observed. As part of the process of closing and greening a mining operation, it is necessary to redo the risk factor assessment sheets with additional measures for the closure and greening of the mining operation. In this paper we intend to establish the risk factors for the miner workplace within the Lupeni Mining in the process of closure and greening.

PENGATURAN PENYELENGGARAAN IBADAH UMRAH DALAM PERSPEKTIF HAK ATAS KESEHATAN

The government has issued regulations to ensure the health of Umrah pilgrims however there is no standard of health care for the Umrah pilgrims, either before departing, while traveling and in Saudi Arabia or returning to Indonesia. This study analyzes the Umrah health regulations and their implementation in the perspective of the rights to health. This research is a legal research design with sociological jurisprudence because the object under study is the application of law. The results of this study have explained that the right to health of Umrah pilgrims has been guaranteed in Law no. 8 of 2019 concerning the Implementation of Hajj and Umrah. However, there are still obstacles in the implementation which are the responsibility of the Umrah Travel Organizer, so it is necessary to make a policy by the ministry that organizes affairs in the health sector after carrying out affairs in the field of religion.

We’re all in this together: Focus on community attenuates effects of pandemic-related financial hardship on reactance to COVID-19 public health regulations

There has been resistance to COVID-19 public health restrictions partly due to changes and reductions in work, resulting in financial stress. Psychological reactance theory posits that such restrictions to personal freedoms result in anger, defiance, and motivation to restore freedom. In an online study (N = 301), we manipulated the target of COVID-19 restrictions as impacting self or community. We hypothesized that (a) greater pandemic-related financial stress would predict greater reactance, (b) the self-focused restriction condition would elicit greater reactance than the community-focused restriction condition, (c) reactance would be greatest for financially-stressed individuals in the self-focused condition, and (d) greater reactance would predict lower adherence to social distancing guidelines. Independent of political orientation and sense of community, greater financial stress predicted greater reactance only in the self-focused condition; the community-focused condition attenuated this association. Additionally, greater reactance was associated with lower social distancing behavior. These findings suggest that economic hardship exacerbates negative responses to continued personal freedom loss. Community-focused COVID-19 health messaging may be better received during continued pandemic conditions.

Through the Rule of Law Looking Glass

Transposing rule of law principles from the national to the international level, in particular to international organizations, still raises questions and can be problematic. However, rule of law considerations play an important role when international organizations exercise a substantial amount of public authority and may directly affect states as well as individuals. The World Health Organization (WHO), unlike other international organizations, has a constitutional mandate to prevent and respond to international acute emergencies in the form of disease outbreaks and pandemics. Its main normative tool is the 2005 International Health Regulations (IHR), that represent a breakthrough from past instruments but also raise questions and challenges that can be effectively analyzed from a rule of law perspective. This approach applies in particular to ambiguities in important parts of the IHR affecting their relevance and effectiveness; lack of clarity for processes leading to sensitive executive decisions; the absence of compliance assessment mechanisms resulting in lack of accountability for states parties; and an inadequate inclusion of human rights guarantees. The analysis is extended beyond WHO’s functions, to the impact of COVID-19 on the organization’s governance as well as its internal management.

COVID-19: Source, Symptoms, Screening, Prevention and Treatment

Background: COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by the newly acquired SARS-COV2 virus. The disease is rapidly changing, as well as our understanding of the emerging virus. Not knowing what it was at the beginning of the year 2020, scientists have been able to classify, track, classify, and establish diagnostic tests. Severe illness may strike the elderly and those with chronic illnesses, such as heart disease, diabetes, or cancer. Conclusion: Over the past four decades, the emergence of new infectious, global threats has reshaped national and international thinking and the level of public health responses needed to combat these threats. All countries are at risk of new diseases, according to International Health Regulations.

Law of the Sea and the Pandemic—Humanitarian Principles under Siege?

In the COVID-19 pandemic two particular issues have arisen in relation to borders and the law of the sea: the right of ships—particularly cruise ships—to enter port and the ongoing restrictions on seafarers aboard merchant ships. In these cases, the sovereign interests of states in preventing the spread of a dangerous virus have been pitted against the humanitarian interests of those onboard the vessels. This article first describes the humanitarian concerns created by states’ responses to the emergence of COVID-19. It then discusses the various legal principles that apply to the situation, primarily the International Health Regulations, the doctrine of distress and the Maritime Labour Convention. Finally, it considers whether any lessons can be learned from this experience to hopefully lessen humanitarian problems if another pandemic happens in the future.

Integrated Underground Mining Hazard Assessment, Management, Environmental Monitoring, and Policy Control in Pakistan

This study focused on the significance of underground mining in Pakistan, resulting in the employment of operational staff to undertake the primary tasks of this sector, such as explosions, rock excavation, mineral research, mining-supporting walls, and mine compactivity. Occupational accidents and illnesses arise due to the activities mentioned above because the working circumstances are not optimal. The decision-matrix risk-assessment (DMRA) approach, in which incidents are evaluated according to their severity and probability, was also utilized to improve working conditions, including public health and environment protection. To assess the risks and to select which actions should continue in the same manner, we highlighted hazards that need control measures and, as the last option, those that must be stopped. By taking into account the results of the study, corrective actions were proposed that can help avoid the occurrence of the presented accidents through applying occupational safety and health regulations issued by the Department of Minerals and Mines, which is a governmental entity responsible for both the issuing and the compliance to those regulations. The current study also outlined the requirements that must be reported under mining-related laws.