Methods of erection of high-rise buildings

The article contains the factors determining the choice of methods for organizing the construction and production of construction and installation work for the construction of high-rise buildings. There are also indicated specific features of their underground parts, characterized by powerful slab-pile foundations, large volumes of earthworks, reinforced bases and foundations for assembly cranes. The work cycle is considered when using reinforced concrete, steel and combined skeletons of high-rise buildings; the areas of application of flow, separate and complex methods are being disclosed. The main conditions for the erection of high-rise buildings and their components are singled out: the choice of formwork systems, delivery and lifting of concrete mixes, installation of reinforcement, the formation of lifting and transporting and auxiliary equipment. The article prescribes the reserves of reduction in the duration of construction due to the creation of: complex mechanized technologies for the efficient construction of foundations in various soil conditions, including in the heaving, swelling, hindered, subsidence, bulk, water-saturated forms; complex mechanized technologies for the erection of monolithic reinforced concrete structures, taking into account the winter conditions of production and the use of mobile concrete-laying complexes and new generation machines; modular formwork systems, distinguished by their versatility, ease, simplicity in operation suitable for complex high-rise construction; more perfect methodology and the development of a set of progressive organizational and technological solutions that ensure a rational relationship between the processes of production and their maximum overlap in time and space.

Calculation of the Pavement Reinforced Design Using Model of Multilayered Plate on the Elastic Base

In article the calculation model of the reinforced crushed-stone-sand basis of pavement with the variable module of elasticity changing on layer depth on exponential dependence is offered. The calculation model is based on representation of the reinforced layer of granular material as the multilayered plate consisting of any quantity of the continuous layers which are rigidly connect among themselves. The method of calculation of the reinforced bases of pavement leaning on experimental data is offered. A concrete example of calculation is reviewed.

DEVELOPMENT OF CONSTRUCTIVE SOLUTIONS VERTICAL REINFORCED BASES OF SLAB FOUNDATION OF HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS IN SEISMIC AREAS

The article presents the results of a numerical simulation of the behavior of high-rise building on weak clay soils, during which the deformations of different variants of foundations were analyzed. The main variants of foundations were examined: slab, traditional pile-slab construction and pile foundation with an intermediate base. Series of numerical calculations in spatial statement determine the deformability of the "Base" - "Structures of the building"- system revealed a favorable response for the use of the intermediate base between the piles and foundation slab of the building. Variant of pile foundation with an intermediate base (vertical reinforced base of slab foundation) allowed not only reduce the absolute deformation of base of the building, but also reduce the effort in the pile elements compared to the traditional pile-slab foundation. Therefore, it was proposed as the most rational for this building