Wastewater treatment by adsorption process on mineral actived carbon: modeling and prediction using an intelligent artificial approach

Currently there are several wastewater treatments processes, and several adsorbent materials consist of separating and purifying the various industrial effluents. In this work an artificial neural network (ANN) was developed to describe the dynamic adsorption of sodium decanesulfonate using actived carbon obtained by the calcination of mineral biomass under different conditions. Three inputs (time, mass of adsorbent and fixed bed height) were used in the input layer, three neurons in the hidden layer and one in the output layer for the reduced concentration. The Levenberg Marquardt back-propagation algorithm was applied. The tangent sigmoid and linear transfer functions are used for the hidden layer and the output layer respectively. The results showed a correlation coefficient R2 = 0.9965 with root mean squared error RMSE = 0.0276. An interpolation and an extrapolation stage are made to test the accuracy of the network. The results showed a high correlation coefficient R2 = 0.9969 and 0.984 respectively for the interpolation and the extrapolation. These results show the robustness and the high capacity of ANN to describe the dynamic adsorption of sodium decanesulfonate onto actived carbon.

Optimization of ACH Coagulant, Settling Time and Powdered Activated Carbon as Coagulant Aid with Economic Analysis

<p>Regular water treatment-plant (WTP) comprises of a number of units. Of course, problems exist throughout design and operation of the WTP units. Consequently, the current re-search aimed to minimize the shortcomings of the coagulation, sedimentation, and the adsorption methods through applying optimal process for these units. Additionally, eco-nomic analysis and the derivation mathematical models for the new coagulant (Aluminum Chlorohydrate (ACH)) and the traditional aluminum sulphate coagulant (Alum) were an-other objective of this work. Optimum coagulants for alum and ACH were obtained and presented for different raw water turbidities. The optimum settling time of 30 minutes and 40 minutes have been found for the settling of 1000 and 2000 NTU raw water sam-ples. Best dosages of 0.1 and 0.25 g/L of powdered actived carbon (PAC) were obtained for raw water turbidity of 419, and 1000 NTU which increased the removal efficiency of 28.95%, and 25.71%, respectively. Furthermore, the economic study for alum and ACH revealed that using ACH instead of alum led to reduction of cost by 32%. Commonly, it can be concluded that using ACH instead of alum is better because it is cheaper and more efficient. The predicted equations for the optimum dosages (Y) for alum (mg/L) and ACH (µl/L) dosages (X) were Y= 0.04 X + 14.42, and Y = 0.01 X + 0.72, respectively.</p>

Effective heterogeneous electro-Fenton process of m-cresol with iron loaded actived carbon

The degradation of m-cresol (MC) has been investigated by heterogeneous electro-Fenton process using iron loaded activated carbon (Fe-AC) as heterogeneous electro-Fenton catalyst.

Magnetic Nd2Fe14B Actived Carbon: Fabrication and Heterogeneous Fenton Oxidation of Congo Red

Magnetic Nd2Fe14B activated carbon, a new kind of heterogeneous Fenton catalyst has been synthesis to treat the dyestuff wastewater. The obtained catalysts were characterized by X-raydiffraction (XRD) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and the catalytic activity in heterogeneous Fenton oxidation of Congo red was evaluated. Experiments show that the Nd2Fe14B activated carbon has hard magnetic properties. The saturated magnetization, remanence and coercive force were 15.93emu/g, 6.0emu/g, and 1313Oe, respectively. The results also indicated that Nd2Fe14B activated carbon has good performance on azo dye Congo red oxidation with heterogeneous Fenton process. Under the optimum conditions ([NdFeB-AC-FC]0=20g/L, [H2O2]0= 8mmol/L and pH=7.0), Congo red degradation rate could reach 83.4%. The pH had few effects on heterogeneous Fenton process degraded Congo red. The kinetics studied shown that Congo red degraded followed the pseudo-first-order reaction by heterogeneous Fenton process.