Processing of data streams in the detection of retroreflective objects

This work is devoted to the study of methods for detecting retroreflective objects (RRO), including optical and optoelectronic observation devices, based on the search for spatial anomalies in images formed in pulse laser location systems. Algorithms and software for detecting RRO have been developed. At the same time, special attention is paid to various methods of forming difference frames with periodic illumination, including preliminary replacing each pixel of the background images with the maximum value for the corresponding neighborhood. The effectiveness of the proposed methods for detecting retroreflective objects in conditions of intense sunlight, despite the presence of specular and diffuse reflecting surfaces in the field of view, is demonstrated.

Фотоаккумулирующие наногетероструктуры на основе диоксида титана

Nanoheterostructures based on titanium dioxide synthesized by the Sol-gel method were studied. Microscopy, x-ray diffraction, optical spectroscopy, and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) techniques were used) All the samples under the study are characterized by a large specific surface area (about 100 square meters per gram of substance). It is established that the main types of radicals in the obtained structures are N•, Ti3+, Mo5+, V4+, and W5+, depending on the composition of the samples. It is shown that nanoheterostructures consisting of several metal oxides have high photocatalytic activity in the visible range of the spectrum and the ability to accumulate photogenerated charge carriers. As a result, the catalytic reactions in the samples continue even after the lighting is turned off. A correlation was found between the rate of photocatalysis, the absorption spectra in the visible region, and the concentration of radicals in the studied structures. The results obtained can be used to develop energy-efficient catalytic devices based on nanoheterostructures consisting of titanium, molybdenum, tungsten, and vanadium nanoxides in various combinations that operate under periodic illumination in the visible range of the spectrum. The research was carried out with the financial support of the Russian Foundation for basic research in the framework of research project No. 18-29-23051.

Photocatalytic Degradation of Microcystins by TiO2 Using UV-LED Controlled Periodic Illumination

Toxic microcystins (MCs) produced by freshwater cyanobacteria such as Microcystis aeruginosa are of concern because of their negative health and economic impacts globally. An advanced oxidation process using UV/TiO2 offers a promising treatment option for hazardous organic pollutants such as microcystins. The following work details the successful degradation of MC-LA, MC-LR, and MC-RR using a porous titanium–titanium dioxide (PTT) membrane under UV-LED light. Microcystin quantitation was achieved by sample concentration and subsequent LC–MS/MS analysis. The PTT membrane offers a treatment option that eliminates the need for the additional filtration or separation steps required for traditional catalysts. Controlled periodic illumination was successfully used to decrease the total light exposure time and improve the photonic efficiency for a more cost-effective treatment system. Individual degradation rates were influenced by electrostatic forces between the catalyst and differently charged microcystins, which can potentially be adjusted by modifying the solution pH and the catalyst’s isoelectric point.