Passive Acoustic Mapping for ultrasound therapy monitoring

Passive Acoustic Mapping (PAM) is an ultrasoundbased imaging method developed for monitoring therapeutic ultrasound. By using diagnostic transducers to passively record the acoustic signals that are emitted by cavitation bubbles, the origin of the bubbles can be reconstructed and displayed as intensity maps. In this study, two matrix arrays with different aperture sizes were used for the volumetric reconstruction of simulated and experimental data. In a second step, the number of elements being used for the reconstruction was reduced by more than the factor of eight in order to assess the influence on the imaging quality. In the numerical part of the study, the image quality was greatly improved by increasing the aperture size, while a high number of elements used for the reconstruction merely offers minor improvements. The experimentally obtained results were able to confirm the numerical findings regarding the achievable reconstruction quality.

A Model-Based Study of Transmit-Receive Longitudinal Arrays for Inspection of Subsurface Defects

Dual matrix transmit-receive longitudinal (TRL) arrays have been shown to provide an improved signal to noise ratio in the near field zone which makes them the most suitable array configuration for the inspection of near-surface defects. This study aims to compare the performance of different configurations for transmit-receive longitudinal matrix arrays. For this purpose, four matrix configurations of 2 × 32, 4 × 16, 4 × 32, and 8 × 16 elements are investigated using EXTENDE CIVA modeling package. The array operating frequencies investigated are either 5 MHz or 10 MHz. The effect of different natural focal depths, arrays separation distances, dynamic electronic depth focusing, and electronic beam skewing for these TRL arrays are considered in models prepared in CIVA. The inspection of a series of flat bottom holes extended up to a few millimeters under the surface using the selected TRL configurations is also investigated in the study. It is found that the performance of focusing for near-surface areas is more efficient using the 4 × 16 and 8 × 16 elements configurations as compared with the others, and the signal amplitudes of the defects located deeper in the target material are almost independent of the configuration.