SPIRITUAL VALUES IN THE WORKS OF SAIF SARAI

The article analyzes the artistic and cognitive significance of Saif Sarai's work «Gulistan bi-Turki». It is assumed that the work is accompanied by customs closely related to the life of humanity. The literary heritage of Saif Sarai, written during the Golden Horde, emphasizes the importance of customs not only of the Turkic peoples, but also of other common peoples in human life. The article states that the work of Saif Sarai serves as a means of continuing spiritual education, which is passed down from generation to generation. The author's work «Gulistan bi-Turki» is very important for spiritual education of young people in terms of cultural value. It deals with the spiritual culture of a person, the perception of the soul through his mind, responsibility, and factors that influence the formation of a person's behavior. Therefore, if a person consisting of these feelings – his life and its course-is a set of spiritual phenomena, it will certainly continue yesterday, today, and tomorrow. The article differentiates that each representative of the world's nation perceives the world civilization through its national code, worldview, and national consciousness formed in it, and seeks to develop it flexibly in accordance with the traditions and customs of its nation. Literary works common to Turkic-speaking peoples, including the presence of common sources in understanding the language of the Kazakh people, make Saif Sarai's works valuable. The article notes that the study of the existence of common sources in the study of ethnography of the Kazakh people in the works of Saif Sarayi is a topical problem today.

FEATURES OF ARTISTIC AND LINGUISTIC REPRESENTATION OF THE MAIN CULTURAL AND ARTISTIC CODES AND MOTIONAL LINES OF THE GOLDEN HORDE LITERATURE

The article emphasizes the importance of the need to preserve the national code of the Kazakh people indicated in the article of the first President of Kazakhstan "Orientation to the future: spiritual rebirth". In addition, the written monuments of the Golden Horde era tell about the traditions and customs that influence the revival of public consciousness, forming the cultural code of our people. And also, in the works of Nasiruddin Bakhanddin Rabguzi, the concept of worldview is explained from a religious point of view, nevertheless, it is accompanied by customs closely related to human life. Rabguzi's literary heritage, written during the time of the Golden Horde, emphasizes the importance of the customs of not only Turkic peoples, but also other peoples in human life. The article says that the work of Rabguzi serves as a tool for the continuation of spiritual education, passed on from generation to generation of the Turkic people. The work "Kisas-ul Anbiya" is a very important work in the spiritual education of young people from the point of view of cultural value. The factors influencing the formation of human behavior and the perception of the soul through spiritual culture, reason, responsibility in a person are considered. If a person consists of these feelings - his life and its course are a combination of spiritual phenomena, it will certainly continue yesterday, today and tomorrow. The article analyzes the fact that every nation of the world perceives world civilization through its national code, worldview, national consciousness and seeks to flexibly develop it in accordance with the traditions and customs of its nation. The works of Rabguzi are valued for the fact that there are common literary works common to the Turkic-speaking peoples, including the study of ethnography and understanding of the language of the Kazakh people. The article says that the study of the presence of common sources in the study of the ethnography of the Kazakh people in the work of Rabguzi is an urgent problem today.

Function of Ethnonyms in the Work Baburnama

This article deals with ethnonyms and their role in the famous work Baburnamа, written by the Turkic writer, poet and ruler Zakhiriddin Muhammad Babur. The text of a work of art reflects a unique, individual author’s picture of the world of the writer, his conceptual sphere, filled with a special artistic worldview. The relevance of referring to the study of ethnonyms in the text Baburnama is due to their insufficient research. Since ancient times, they have reflected various important social and spiritual phenomena in the life of the peoples of Central Asia. The study of ethnonyms will help the reader to imagine the history of that time, the genetic makeup of Babur’s empire; will tell about the relationship between peoples, about their language and culture. In addition to all this, ethnonymy can tell a lot about the author himself, about his socio-cultural and ethnicity. This work shows that the ethnonymic layer of the vocabulary of any language is especially valuable for research in the field of cultural history. The study of ethnonyms opens up ample opportunities for the study of individual linguistic characteristics that characterize a particular ethnos. Scientific works of V. V. Radlov and V. V. Bartold laid the foundation for various oriental studies, including the study of the Turkic languages, ethnography, folklore and archaeological heritage. Based on their works, we tried to reflect the interweaving of various cultural, ethnic and linguistic traditions in the studied material.

Care for the Sick in Early Christianity: Lessons for the Current COVID-19 Stricken Church

Debates on whether early Christians relied solely on exorcism and other miraculous healing under the assumption that all diseases are a result of demonic activity, continue. On the one end of this scholarly continuum are those who hold that early Christians only approached disease and healing as purely spiritual phenomena (hence, focusing on exorcism and other kinds of miraculous healing), while, on the other end, others have argued that early Christians accepted a naturalistic view of the causes for diseases and, consequently, sought naturalistic solutions to diseases. However, like in many other areas of life and thought in early Christianity, there is truth in both of these contentions. Rather than choose sides in this debate, this paper will argue that, just like in other areas, early Christians chose and modified existing approaches to sickness and death based on their understanding of the scriptural teachings on these subjects. As such, their approaches provide some key lessons to the current Covid-19 stricken Church.

THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES OF LEGAL PREDICTION

The article explores the theoretical and practical aspects of predictability of the future of legal systems based on legal forecasting as a direction of scientific activity, designed to for-mulate the importance of new vectors of legal development for the state, society and the indi-vidual. By combining general theoretic, axiological, personal and instrumental methodological means and expanding the ideological field of jurisprudence, legal forecasting contributes to the realization of social needs and state interests. The conversion of theoretical paradigms of legal forecasting into the practical sphere is ensured by the creation of predictive models of regulations and the development of concrete proposals concerning the modernization of legis-lation to the law-making bodies. At present, there is every reason to speak about the significant shortcomings in the field of legal forecasting both in Russia and worldwide. A clear confirmation of this thesis is the fact that despite the predictability of the coronavirus pandemic (before it was atypical pneumonia, avian influenza, Ebola), no state was ready for full legal regulation in the context of the pan-demic and did not think through the legal ways out of it. Operational law-making was con-ducted everywhere through trial and error, creating internally contradictory and insufficiently effective legal regimes, creating excessive restrictions on human rights and simply legislative confusion, sometimes bordering on absurdities. The haphazardness of the legislative process, which legal forecasting is intended to put a barrier to, is expressed among other things in the number of laws adopted. The existence of a significant number of reference rules, supplements and amendments, "changes to changes" manifold hampers the application of rules, while the development of conceptual draft laws is practically an exception. At the federal level, there is no legal forecasting as a direction of scientific support for lawmaking, and planning is limited to the draft laws submitted to the upcoming session of the State Duma. The situation is no better at the regional level. All this shows that the system of public administration does not in a due measure rely on the powerful predictive potential inherent in the nature of law and legal thought, which includes the understanding of the nature of law and its diverse manifestations in real public life. It follows that the concept of legal forecasting has a universal and timeless significance. It brings together all general theoretical, axiological, personal and instrumental methodological means and provides the conditions for obtaining reliable forecasts regarding the dynamics of legal and related political, economic, social and spiritual phenomena and processes.

The image of Greenland in Icelandic Saga tradition: to the question on formation of binary image of Home and Anti-Home

Currently, the national humanities science shows particular interest in the phenomena that have been previously outside its area of expertise. These phenomena include materialistic objects, which in the context of cultural-semiotic approach turn into meaningful constants. One of such materialistic-spiritual phenomena is the concept of “home”. For Icelanders, during the period of civil war marked in history as the Age of the Sturlungs, the phenomenon of “home” undergoes substantial transformation. Forced exile from the country, loss of relationship with family, and building a new life contribute to conception and formation of the new semantic space structured on the binary image: Home – Anti-Home. Within the Icelandic Saga tradition, the image of negative home belongs of the island of Greenland, which provided an temporary shelter and reflected the overall atmosphere of forced migrants. The article is dedicated to the examination of the image of Greenland in Icelandic Saga tradition. The author reveals the key parameters of formation of the image of Greenland as an “alien” space, formed among the Icelanders who were forced to leave their country. This leads to the emergence of antithesis in Saga literature: home and homelessness. The concept of “home” is associate with Iceland and saturated with additional shades of meaning, turning into and object of reminiscence and becoming the embodiment of spiritual substance. Greenland, on the contrary, was endowed with the traits of hostile space with regards to a person.

On the 250 th anniversary of Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel

Two and a half centuries since the birth of Hegel give reason to try to understand why he, like other great philosophers irrelevant of how many centuries ago they were born, should not be forgotten. The first part of the article deals with the content of the central and most difficult part of Hegel’s Science of logic — the doctrine of essence. This particular work illustrates that its creator successfully passed between the Scylla of realism, which insists on the immediacy of knowledge, and the Charybdis of constructivism, which advocates its mediation. Hegel curbs the claims of mediation and immediacy to exclusivity revealing their concrete identity. The second part of the article explores the perspective of the theoretical and scientific knowledge of the spirit, discovered by Hegel, which makes it possible to avoid the extremes of historicism and essentialism that prevailed after Hegel in the sciences of the spirit. Historicism dissolves the unified essence of various spiritual phenomena in the flow of history, which it considers a purposeless element of change. Essentialism asserts the existence of this essence, but leaves it undefined. Hegel logically determines what is historical in the existence of the spirit, an what transcends history as its absolute goal. The last part of the article indicates the reason for the obvious underestimation of Hegel’s achievements by figures of modern philosophical culture. The place of the Hegelian system in the historical development of philosophy and its actual significance for modernity as a model of philosophical knowledge of truth, nature and spirit, without which the history of philosophy is not complete and cannot be understood as a whole, is determined.