The Impact of Writing Self-Assessment and Peer Assessment on Iranian EFL Learners’ Autonomy and Metacognitive Awareness

One of the most significant current discussions in writing is self-assessment and peer assessment. This study aimed to investigate the impact of writing self-assessment and peer assessment on autonomy and metacognitive awareness of Iranian EFL learners. One hundred and twenty participants were selected using convenience sampling. Four instruments were used in this test: (1) Nelson placement test; (2) Metacognitive Awareness Inventory (MAI); (3) Zhang and Li’s autonomy questionnaire; and (4) rubric. A quasiexperimental design was used in this study. They were divided into two experimental groups, self-assessment (N = 40) and peer assessment (N = 40), and one control group (N = 40). Collected data were tested and compared using covariance analysis (ANCOVA). Results from the tests indicated that both self-assessment and peer assessment are effective ways to improve autonomy and metacognition awareness of EFL learners in the completion of writing tasks. Findings also showed that self-assessment was more effective than peer assessment and the results showed that the types of assessments increased the learners’ knowledge in the writing, teaching, lexicography, spelling, grammar, and similar models and were significantly effective in developing their writing skills. The findings of the present research study might have some implications for researchers, instructors, language teachers, and language learners.

Análise do inventário de consciência metacognitiva de alunos do curso técnico em enfermagem

Este estudo teve como objetivo obter um diagnóstico da percepção metacognitiva dos educandos de um curso técnico em enfermagem, e apontar caminhos para uma aprendizagem autônoma. Para tanto, realizou-se um survey interseccional com 65 estudantes de um curso técnico em enfermagem, durante o ensino remoto emergencial. O Metacognitive Awareness Inventory (MAI) foi utilizado para investigar a disposição do aluno em relação ao seu conhecimento metacognitivo e regulação cognitiva, o que implica na avaliação da capacidade para refletir e na tomada de decisão. Observou-se 66% de Conhecimento metacognitivo e 68% de Regulação da Cognição. O primeiro fator compôs-se de Conhecimentos condicional (69%), Declarativo (66%) e Processual (62%). Já a Regulação da Cognição distribuiu-se entre Planejamento (68%), Gestão da Informação (69%), Monitoramento (67%), Depuração (82%) e Avaliação (63%). Tais resultados, entre outros, apontaram para a necessidade de aprimoramento e ampliação da consciência metacognitiva, através da inserção de estratégias de estímulo à cultura do pensar, a reflexão crítica, a autorregulação da aprendizagem e a aprender a aprender.

Metacognitive process and levels of physical activity in university students

Background: Cognitive processes are associated with Systematic Physical Activity (SPA). However, few studies have evaluated the relation between SPA and Metacognition (MC). Objectives: (1) to study the effect of the SPA levels on MC, and (2) to explore the covariance of gender. Method: Through a Non-Experimental design and with intentional sampling, 270 university students participated (Mage= 25.3, SD= 1.5, min= 18, max= 51), 209 men (77.4%), and 61 women (22.6%). The International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF) and The Metacognitive Awareness Inventory were completed. The MANOVA showed that SPA levels significantly affected MC. The MANCOVA did not show a gender effect. Results: The main effects indicated that moderate and vigorous SPA levels favor MC. Differences were observed between the low vs vigorous SPA levels (p= .035, 95% CI [-1.49, -0.03]) in the knowledge of cognition factor. Similarly, there are differences in the regulation of cognition between low vs moderate SPA levels (p= .013, 95% CI [-1.86, -0.16]), and low vs vigorous (p= .044, 95% CI [-1.72 , -0.15]). Conclusions: moderate and vigorous SPA levels favor CM, mainly the regulation of cognition. In contrast, the vigorous SPA level favors the knowledge of cognition.

Validación y examen de la estructura factorial del Metacognitive Awareness Inventory (MAI) en español con una muestra colombiana de estudiantes universitarios

Objetivo: El Metacognitive Awareness Inventory (MAI) fue desarrollado originalmente en inglés por Schraw & Dennison en 1994 para medir las habilidades metacognitivas. Desde su validación inicial, el MAI ha sido considerado como el instrumento más utilizado en el mundo para evaluar las habilidades metacognitivas de autoinforme de las personas, razón por la que ha sido traducido y empleado en varios idiomas, demostrándose así, en diferentes investigaciones sobre la estructura psicométrica de la prueba una alta confiabilidad de consistencia interna y una validez de constructo adecuada. Sin embargo, ningún estudio hasta la fecha había examinado si el instrumento en su forma original, cuando se usa en el idioma español, mantiene una estructura factorial consistente con lo informado por Schraw & Dennison (1994). Así mismo, en el presente trabajo se buscó proporcionar evidencia empírica del uso práctico de este instrumento en poblaciones de estudiantes universitarios de habla hispana. Método: El presente estudio buscó establecer la estructura factorial del MAI en español en una muestra sólida de estudiantes universitarios colombianos de nivel de pregrado (N = 528). En cuanto a la edad y el género, 315 estudiantes se identificaron como mujeres y 213 como hombres, con edades comprendidas entre los 20 y 30 años (M = 23.90; Mediana = 23). En el estudio primero se emplearon análisis factoriales exploratorios (AFEs) con extracción de factores comunes (factorización del eje principal) y una rotación oblicua (promax), seguidos posteriormente, de análisis factoriales confirmatorios (AFCs; estándar y de orden superior). En la fase de los AFEs, se compararon tres modelos, una solución inicial de diez factores, seguida de una con ocho y finalmente otra con dos factores. En la fase de los AFCs, se evaluaron dos modelos competidores, un modelo de orden superior de diez factores y un modelo de dos factores. Resultados: Se encontró que en la fase de los AFEs, la solución de dos factores produjo el mejor ajuste en comparación con los otros dos. En la fase de los AFCs, al igual que el estudio de validación original de Schraw & Dennison (1994), la solución de ocho factores compuesta por cada componente individual no se ajustaba a los datos; sin embargo, una solución de dos factores (conocimiento de la cognición y regulación de la cognición) mostró un ajuste superior a los datos y fue un modelo significativamente mejor en comparación con la solución de ocho factores, que fue consistente con los resultados del estudio de validación del 1994. Conclusiones: En esta versión en español del MAI que se proponé en el presente estudio, se establecieron métricas apropiadas de confiabilidad de consistencia interna y validez de constructo. Por lo tanto, los investigadores y los profesionales en campos como la psicología y la ciencias del aprendizaje, pueden emplear con seguridad la medida para examinar la conciencia metacognitiva de estudiantes universitarios colombianos y de habla hispana.

Conciencia metacognitiva en docentes de diferentes áreas de dominio en una universidad pública de Manizales (Colombia)

El presente artículo de investigación tuvo como objetivo describir la conciencia metacognitiva de una muestra de docentes universitarios y establecer posibles diferencias por género y áreas de dominio. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo correlacional de carácter transversal con una muestra de 323 docentes de una universidad pública colombiana, que fueron evaluados con el inventario de conciencia metacognitiva para el docente (metacognitive awareness inventory for teachers, mait). Para ello se analizaron los componentes del conocimiento (declarativo, procesual, y condicional) y de la regulación (planificación, monitoreo y evaluación); los análisis estadísticos se adelantaron mediante el software estadístico xlstat 2014. Entre los resultados se encontró, para todos los ítems, correlación significativa. Al comparar las medianas por sexo, se evidenciaron diferencias para el caso de la regulación metacognitiva, con un mejor desempeño para las mujeres. No se encontraron diferencias por área de dominio, salvo para el caso de los docentes del área de ciencias de la educación. Se recomienda en próximos estudios considerar variables como la edad, el nivel de formación y los años de experiencia docente, dado que podrían ser variables de interés en el análisis del constructo.

Pre-service primary school teachers’ metacognitive awareness and beliefs about mathematical problem solving

Metacognitive awareness is a variable that is thought to affect beliefs in problem solving. When the literature is examined, it is seen that the studies mostly focus on metacognitive awareness and problem solving skills. Therefore, the aim is to determine pre-service primary school teachers’ metacognitive awareness and beliefs in mathematical problem solving. In this study, it is thought that it will contribute to the researches that will be carried out regarding the investigation of the relationship between metacognitive awareness and beliefs about problem solving and its implementation with pre-service primary school teachers. The study, designed as the correlational survey model, included a total of 284 pre-service primary school teachers attending a university in the Aegean Region of Turkey. The data were collected with the “Metacognitive Awareness Inventory” and the “Scale of Beliefs about Mathematical Problem Solving”. In the analysis, descriptive statistics, difference test, correlation and regression analyses were used. As a result, the pre-service primary school teachers’ metacognitive awareness was found to be high and their beliefs about mathematical problem solving were found to be medium. While metacognitive awareness was found to be not varying significantly by gender, beliefs about mathematical problem solving were found to be varying significantly by gender in favor of the male pre-service teachers. Moreover, a medium and significant correlation was found between metacognitive awareness and beliefs about mathematical problem solving. It was also found that metacognitive awareness explained 13% of the variance in the dependent variable of beliefs about mathematical problem solving.

The Relationships between Metacognition and Reading Strategies: The Case of English-Majored Students at a Private University in Vietnam

<p style="text-align: justify;">Many studies have pointed out a proportionate relation between metacognition and reading strategies. This study advances such an understanding by arguing that this relation is comprised of several sub-relations. Metacognitive Awareness Inventory and Reading Strategies Inventory were conducted among 92 English as Foreign Language students at a Vietnamese university. This study highlights 3 major findings. First, metacognition processes do not merely mean “cognition about cognition”. Second, while previous studies tended to portray metacognition as a whole, it is argued in this study that it is constituted by two main clusters (knowledge of cognition and regulation of cognition) which can be further specified into eight sub-components. Third, there seem to be some sub-linearities that underpin students’ metacognition and that influence their uses of reading strategies. These findings are hoped to shed light on preserving spaces and autonomy in curriculum/syllabus development for students to exercise their own metacognition.</p>

Metacognitive Competences and Implicit Theories of Intelligence in Relation with School Achievement

This study aims to explore the relation between metacognitive competences, implicit theories of intelligence and school achievement among lower secondary students. The group of participants included 120 students from Iași County, with different socio-economic backgrounds. Participants completed two measures, Metacognitive Awareness Inventory (Schraw & Dennison, 1994) and Implicit Theories of Intelligence Questionnaire (Dweck, 2000). School achievement was defined as annual average grades, and family socio-economic background was self-reported. Students from socio-economic disadvantaged families scored lower for metacognitive competence, and self-reported fixed mindset beliefs, in contrast with students with favourable socio-economic family background. Therewith, metacognitive competences and implicit theories of intelligence are significant predictors of school achievement.

Kesadaran metakognitif siswa setelah mengikuti pembelajaran modifikasi cooperative script dipadu Hybrid-PjBl

Empowering students’ metacognitive awareness is among the 21st century learning strategies. This research aims to determine the profile of students’ metacognitive awareness in Biology subject through the implementation of Cooperative Script (CS) modification strategy combined with Hybrid-PjBl. It employed quantitative method with the participants of students from XI IPA SMA 5 Malang. The instrument for data collection was Metacognitive Awareness Inventory, with descriptive statistics and Pearson Product Moment as data analysis techniques. Results show that 20% of students’ metacognitive awareness was in the “very good” category; 40% of students in the “good” category; while the remaining 40% were in the “fair” category. Based on more detailed analyses, one component of metacognition is classified as “fair”, six components are classified as “good”, while the rest is classified as “very good”. Most metacognition components are correlated with each other. These findings indicate that Biology learning with CS modification combined with Hybrid-PjBL potentially empowers students’ metacognitive awareness.