Leadership malpractice: exposing the reality underpinning unleaderly behaviour

Background A mounting body of research literature is highlighting the prevalence of serious malpractice by persons in leadership positions. Arguably, too many of those appointed to a leadership position believe that they have the right to act in any way that they choose. They believe that the title of ‘leader’ affords them the licence to act with little regard for others. But just because a person has been appointed to a leadership position, this does not automatically make them a leader. Nor does it imply that everything they do is leadership. Thus, the impetus for this article is the acknowledgement that it's time to clearly distinguish what truly constitutes leadership from that which is its antithesis – leadership malpractice. Not to do so only allows serious leadership malpractice to become normalised as acceptable leadership activity. Research Aim Therefore, the aim of this article is to first use research literature to describe the growing concern about the prevalence of malpractice by persons in leadership positions and then to illustrate how such malpractice can be naturally eradicated when leadership is seen, fundamentally, as a relational phenomenon. The purpose of this article is thus to provide a new theoretical perspective of leadership, one that will help to distinguish between that which is and is not leadership. Findings A close inspection of the extremely damaging and injurious outcomes produced by leadership malpractice shows that these mirror those caused by persons with extremely harmful psychosocial disorders. Despite any short-term gains, the research shows that leadership malpractice can ultimately cause serious and enduring poisonous effects on the individuals, families, organizations, communities, and even entire societies they lead. Furthermore, rules, regulations and policies have proven powerless. Seemingly, one cannot mandate true leadership; its manifestation must be inherent within our leadership theory. Practical implications In response, this article first explores the foundational values, principles and norms underpinning true leadership practice and then presents a new way to understand leadership from a transrelational perspective which naturally eradicates malpractice by those in leadership positions. Social implications Given that worldwide research has demonstrated how leadership malpractice causes seriously toxic personal, organisational and social outcomes, this article seeks to provide a theoretical rather than a technical or practical way of redressing this untenable situation. By inference, when leadership is practiced properly, when it is based upon apporpriate foundational values and principles, then malpractice is ended and workplaces become safe, gratifying and productive. Originality This article makes a significant contribution to the expanding area of research that is exploring the benefits to be gained by theorising leadership as a relational phenomenon.

Evaluation of Ergonomics-Related Disorders in Online Education Using Fuzzy AHP

The aim of the presented work is to analyze the ergonomics-related disorders in online education using the fuzzy AHP approach. A group dialogue with online education academicians, online education students, biotechnologists, and sedentary computer users has been performed to spot ergonomics-related disorders in online education. Totally eight ergonomics-related disorders in online education have been identified, and the weight of each disorder has been computed with triangle-shaped fuzzy numbers in pairwise comparison. Furthermore, the ergonomics-related disorders in online education are kept in four major categories such as afflictive disorders, specific disorders, psychosocial disorders, and chronic disorders. These four categories of ergonomics-related disorders in online education are evaluated and compared using fuzzy analytical hierarchical process methodology to get ranked in terms of priorities. The results may be instrumental for taking appropriate corrective actions to prevent ergonomics-related disorders.

Effects of Training with Different Modes of Strength Intervention on Psychosocial Disorders in Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Physical exercise has a positive impact on anxiety and depression. However, the evidence that associates strength training with a decrease in adolescents’ psychosocial disorders is scarce. Consequently, the objective was to analyze the effects of training with different modes of strength intervention on anxiety, stress, and depression in adolescents. The search was designed according to PRISMA®. We searched WoS, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, PubMed, and MEDLINE (2010–2020). Methodological quality and risk of bias were assessed with the Cochrane Collaboration. The analysis was carried out with a standardized mean difference (SMD) pooled using the Hedges g test (95% CI). The Main Outcome Measures were: anxiety, stress, and depression in adolescents post strength training. Nine studies were included in the systematic review and seven in the meta-analysis. These studies showed a large and significant effect of strength training on anxiety (SMD = −1.75; CI = 95%: −3.03, −0.48; p = 0.007) and depression (SMD = −1.61; CI = 95%: −2.54, −0.67, p = 0.0007). In conclusion, training with different modes of strength intervention have shown control over anxiety and depression in adolescents. However, conventional strength training seems to have better results than other modes of strength intervention.

The Social Consequences of the Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Outbreak in Iran: Is Social Capital at Risk? A Qualitative Study

As well as causing a global health crisis, the COVID-19 pandemic has also generated multilevel social changes by damaging psychosocial and economic resources across Iranian society. Therefore, this qualitative study was conducted to examine and explain these social consequences and their impact on the social capital of Iran during the COVID-19 outbreak. Using a content analysis approach, nine experts participated in semistructured, in-depth interviews. Interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim and analyzed using Lundman and Graneheim’s method. The social impacts of COVID-19 can be summarized into six categories and 32 subcategories. Three positive-negative categories emerged from the data analysis: “formation of new patterns of social communications; formation of new patterns of behavior; creation of economic changes.” Three entirely negative categories included “creating a climate of distrust; disruption of cultural, social, and religious values; psychosocial disorders.” Overall, most findings (27 out of 32 subcategories) indicated the destructive effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on social capital. Therefore, this raises concerns about social capital endangerment in Iran. However, positive social impacts can guide policies that strengthen social action and improve social capital.

The Description of Family Knowledge About How To Prevent The Occurrence of Psychosocial Disorders During The Pandemic Covid-19

Background: The Covid-19 is an infectious disease caused by coronavirus infection. During the Covid-19 pandemic can cause psychosocial disorders such as stress, anxiety, and depression. One of the ways that determines the success of families in preventing psychosocial disorders during the Covid-19 pandemic is to know how to do 5B activities (learning, worship, playing, chatting and recreation together), increasing physical immunity, as well as improving mental and psychosocial health such as positive emotions, positive thoughts, positive social relationships.Purpose: This study aimed to know the overview of family knowledge on how to prevent psychosocial disorders during the Covid-19 pandemic.Methods: This research used a descriptive crossectional design with a population of 318 families and a large sample of 39 families, sampling was done by Random Sampling method. The research variable is an overview of family knowledge on how to prevent psychosocial disorders during the Covid-19 pandemic. Data collection was held on 15 – 30 December 2020. The research instrument used in data retrieval is a questionnaire. The collected data is then analyzed with the help of frequency distribution tables.Results: From the results of the study obtained from 39 respondents, 18 respondents (46%) good knowledge, 16 respondents (41%) enough knowledge and 5 respondents (13%) lees of knowledge on how to prevent psychosocial disorders during the Covid-19 pandemic.This is due to factors that influence knowledge, age, education, employment, never/unable to get information about the prevention of psychosocial disorders during the Covid-19 pandemic.Conclusion: To increase family knowledge of enough and less categories, respondents are expected to add and search for information through health workers as well as media such as TV, Internet, and newspapers. Respondents with good knowledge should apply in their daily lives and help health workers socialize on how to prevent psychosocial disorders during the covid-19 pandemic to other families

The Communication Barriers in a Ukrainian Family: Adultery and Socio-Psychological Aspects

A common cause of disruption of family communication is adultery, which creates a traumatic situation and even leads to family destruction. The purpose of the article is to investigate sexual and psychosocial disorders in family communication under adultery—research methods. The study used validity methods «Eysenck Inventory of Attitudes to Sex» and «Diagnostics of the inferiority complex». Statistical methods. For the non-parametric data correlation variables, the Spearman coefficient was used, Kendall's, Pearson's. Results: The present study found the destructive effect of the psychological characteristics of sexuality on family functioning in CGA. The connection between disappointment with existing sexual relations and desire for sexual satisfaction was established (p <0.05). Conflicts between beliefs and internal impulses were detected (p <0.05). It was found that treating a partner as a sexual object without finding sensual pleasure correlated with intolerance to a verbal description of bed scenes (p <0.05). Sexual shyness is a characteristic of couples with sexual inactivity and aversion to sexual manifestations (p <0.05). In turn, the difficulty of acquiring sexual excitement correlated with a fascination with only physical sex without its spiritual component (p <0.05). Conclusion: Features of the psychological response of men and women in CGA and CG in the genesis and development of impaired family life are connected to the following: a great number of complexes and constant struggle with personal weaknesses, drawbacks, mistakes; fear of analyzing oneself and one's own actions by "hiding" and "postponing" the resolution; inflated self-esteem, self-deception, living in the so-called "imaginary world", low communication (p <0.05).

Unhealthy life habits associated with self-induced vomiting and laxative misuse in Brazilian adolescents

Adolescence is a stage in life characterized by important social, cognitive, and physical changes. Adolescents are vulnerable to various psychosocial disorders, including eating disorders. We aimed to investigate the association between unhealthy habits, sociodemographic characteristics, and the practice of self-induced vomiting or laxative misuse in a representative sample of Brazilian adolescent girls and boys. Data from 102,072 students who participated in the National Adolescent School-based Health Survey were analyzed using the dependent variable: presence or absence of self-induced vomiting and/or laxative misuse; independent variables: consumption of unhealthy and high-calorie food items, age during first sexual intercourse, and the use of tobacco, alcohol, and/or illicit drugs. Associations between exposure and outcome were estimated using Poisson’s regression models stratified by sex, and including region, school, age group, and mother's educational history as adjustment variables. Eating ultra-processed foods and age during first sexual intercourse were associated with self-induced vomiting and laxative misuse only for girls; all other variables (consuming unhealthy foods and using legal or illicit substances) were associated with these behaviors for both sexes after applying adjustment variables. Early interventions focusing on changing unhealthy behaviors may prevent development of eating disorders in adolescents. Our findings demonstrate a strong association of many unhealthy habits with laxative misuse and self-induced vomiting practices in Brazilian adolescents.

Depression, anxiety, and stress levels in Denpasar community during the pandemic of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)

The Government of Indonesia has started to implement a Large-Scale Social Limitation (PSBB) in cities and provinces in Indonesia to prevent the increasing of COVID-19 transmission. The Denpasar city as one of the cities that implemented a similar system. This study was aims to provide an overview of the levels of depression, anxiety, and stress in the Denpasar community during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study was an observational descriptive study with cross-sectional design. The data collection used Google forms that distributed online. There were 160 respondents participated in this study, dominated by women (56.9%), domiciled in South Denpasar (35.0%), living with family or relatives (85.6%), aged 18-25 years old (63.7%), had diploma or bachelor degree as their education background (55.0%), unmarried (66.3%), students (38.8%), and no income (44.4%). The results showed that respondents had 1-2 offspring (53.7%), did not experience layoffs (83.9%), and experienced a decrease in income (67.0%), dominant respondents experienced psychosocial disorders in the form of depression (51.2%) with a moderate degree (31.7%) and the anxiety (53.1%) with a mild degree (40.0%). Most respondents did not experience stress (53.1%). In conclusion, the characteristics of respondents' psychosocial disorders were moderate depression, mild anxiety, and did not stress.

Studying Relationships Tetrahydrocannabinol Consumption and Psychosocial Variables in a Campus: Potential Contributions to Policy Design. Why the Exponential Increase in Psychotropics?

Background: For public health fields, it is fundamental to understand the exponential the reasons behind the consumption increase in 9-Delta-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and other psychotropics. Estimate relationships between THC consumption and psychosocial variables (PSVs) among students and professors at a Colombian university.Methods: This observational descriptive cross-sectional study was developed between 2016 and 2018 with a total of 160 university students and 60 professors from a Colombian public university of one pharmaceutical chemistry program. Using an instrument based on the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) survey designed by Kovacs (1977), participants were surveyed directly, voluntarily, and anonymously about marijuana use and different psychosocial variables of everyday life. Correlation of variables was analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), version 24, 2016. In each variable, risk factors were analysed using "Chi-square" and "Odds Ratio". Results: The findings show a significant relationship between THC consumption and PSVs in the students or the professors (S/P) group (59.8%): first time THC consumption (83%), low self-esteem (66.7%), decrease/loss of executive function (55.6%), no family support (55.6%), and no family communication (72.2%). These groups presented a relationship between risk and consumption of THC, which induces to neuro-psychosocial disorders.Conclusion: THC consumption and PSVs are prevalent in the S/P group, thus inducing a neuro-cognitive disorder. Although consumption increases exponentially at an alarmingly early age and national regulations are poor, there exists an unpredictable multidimensional impact., more scientific research is needed with a serious focus, political will, and integrative intersectorial educational interventions. Also, there is little knowledge on the potential effects of Δ9-THC in university student and professor populations. The Δ9-THC cannabinoids may have therapeutic and adverse effects, which bears interest for public health.