Retailer Behavior Near Fixed Transit Lines in Los Angeles: A Spatial Autoregressive Probit Model to Evaluate Retail Clustering

Aggregate studies of retail uses around fixed transit lines and in transit-oriented development are scarce. In total, 8,402 retail locations were identified within half mile of twenty-seven stations in Los Angeles County, USA. Sixteen spatial autoregressive (SAR) probit models help us identify five retail categories (everyday uses, opportunists, rivals, hotels, and large footprints) based on how the retail uses self-cluster, cluster with other uses, choose transit station type preferences, prefer building types and are influenced by gentrification. The results help planners understand that aesthetic improvements and zoning changes are likely to lead to increased restaurant presence and specialized retail clusters, while strip malls further from stations beneficially provide locations for everyday uses.

Can Retailer Really Retain? The Nexus Between Brand Image, Customer Retention and Retailer Behavior

This study strived to explain the relationship between the dimensions of retailerbehavior and their impact on brand image and customer retention. Retailer's roles in the pursuit ofcustomer satisfaction have been extensively studied, the two dimensions, however, of retailerbehavior, namely, interactive services and satisfactory behavior, have not been empirically tested yet.Moreover, the literature reviews also suggested that there is dearth of research on the relationship ofretailer and marketing objectives of the company in the local context. This research endeavors to pavethe way for further research in this regard. With firm basis in positivist philosophy, this research has takenquantitative approach and explanatory strategy. The data is collected from the sample size of 300having non- probability sampling technique. Survey method is utilized with questionnaire bydevelopment of the reliable instruments. Empirical results show that there is positive impact of interactive services and satisfactoryattitude of the retailer on brand image and customer retention. When compared, satisfactory behaviorhas more impact on both, brand image and customer retention, than interactive services.There is fewer research on role of retailer behavior in achieving marketingobjectives in the local context, and in general, the individual dimensions of retailer behavior are nottested on different marketing goals. This study has intended to accomplish both the objectives.Moreover, this study may help local marketers to pay extra heed towards selection and training ofretailers to augment brand image and customer retention.

THE COMPETITIVENESS OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCT AND INPUT MARKETS: A REVIEW AND SYNTHESIS OF RECENT RESEARCH

This article reviews literature on competitiveness of agricultural product and input markets. Although researchers in the United States and Europe emphasize different stages of the agricultural and food marketing system, their focus is similar: extent of buyer power, although both have largely ignored the sector supplying inputs to agriculture. The key conclusion is that there is little robust empirical evidence for food processing firms exerting buyer power, and there are limited data concerning vertical contracts between food processing and agriculture, but there is a small body of evidence concerning food retailer behavior and vertical coordination between food retailing and processing.

Food Retailers' Pricing and Marketing Strategies, with Implications for Producers

This paper examines grocery retailers' ability to influence prices charged to consumers and paid to suppliers. We discuss how retailer market power manifests itself in terms of pricing and marketing strategies by setting forth and offering evidence in support of eight “stylized facts” of retailer pricing and brand decisions. We argue that little, if any, of this behavior can be explained by a model of a competitive, price-taking retailer, but that most of the indicated behavior was also inconsistent with traditional models of market power. Finally, we discuss the impacts of aspects of this retailer behavior on the upstream farm sector.