Performance Evaluation Model – Overview of Some Research

The article is made on the basis of a research method to review published documents related to the current model of performance evaluation according to financial and nonfinancial factors in the world. The review process of documents on each type of effectiveness evaluation model shows that: There is a performance evaluation model based solely on the financial factors of the entity, there are a number of models that allow performance evaluation based on both financial and non-financial factors to assess the overall performance of an organization. At the same time, the research has analyzed and pointed out the advantages, applicability and certain limitations of each model. From there, the article gives some discussion to consider the suitability of each performance evaluation model for different types of organizations. These are also recommendations for managers in each type of organization to choose to apply an appropriate model to achieve their organization's goals.

ESG Importance for Long-Term Shareholder Value Creation: Literature vs. Practice

This article aims to detect how ESG adds value to the long-term shareholder value creation and to discover whether businesses are aware of positive ESG effects and, therefore, whether they will become more ESG-conscious. By conducting a qualitative content analysis on the academic literature, this article firstly aims to determine if shareholders’ value is positively affected by corporate ESG awareness. Secondly, to test whether companies are becoming more conscious about the importance of ESG, the mission statements of publicly listed Central and Eastern European (CEE) companies are compared to their decade-old versions. This analysis allows us to conclude on whether companies have shifted their attention to the ESG factors as a part of their purpose of existence and, therefore, for long-term shareholder value creation, which is one of the main goals of the exchange-listed enterprises. The content analysis results show that companies with higher sustainability awareness ensure shareholder value creation via improved financial performance, management quality as well as reduced risk metrics. Additionally, qualitative nonfinancial factors such as reputation, stakeholder trust, employee satisfaction and engagement provide an even more significant effect on the long-term value than the pure financial matters. The theoretical trend is found to be supported by the fact that sustainability practice and consumer-oriented keywords dominate the mission statements of CEE companies, while keywords related to shareholders and profit experienced the most significant decrease from 2012 to 2021. The present research is unique as it looks at how companies tend to become more ESG aware, integrating the sustainability perspective into their mission statements in response to the global sustainability trend.

Gridiron University: Should Football Be Reinstated?

While exciting and energizing, adding sport programs is a major undertaking for any college athletic department. A broad overview of considerations associated with National Collegiate Athletic Association sport offerings is outlined in this case using reinstatement of football as the context. The case is intended to introduce students to the costs, benefits, risks, and complexity of institutional decisions in one area of collegiate athletics. Students are assigned a role and challenged to complete an operating budget, determine the financial viability of football, consider a variety of nonfinancial factors, and make a decision about whether Gridiron University should reinstate football. Although football is the sport in this scenario, the principles identified in the case apply to other sports and vary by degree not type.

The impact of global risk on the performance of socially responsible and conventional stock indices

Research background: In the last decades social responsible investment has evolved into an important and influential investment class. What supports then the development of SRI? The neoclassical approach suggests that the attractiveness of investment should result from the risk-return relationship that is satisfying for the investor. However, the performance analysis of SRI vs. conventional investment, conducted in numerous research papers, often delivers contradictory conclusions. If financial factors could not explain the phenomenon of SRI, nonfinancial factors may have played a decisive role in the formation of modern SRI market. Purpose of the article: The purpose of this paper is to analyze financial investment perfor-mance of socially responsible vs. respective conventional indices in the periods of high, low and unidentified global risk. Therefore, a following research hypothesis was verified: SR indices perform financially better in high-risk periods than in low-risk periods. This hypoth-esis is justified by the assumption that, when selecting SRI, investors go by a longer invest-ment horizon than they do when selecting other investments, not subject to such verification. Methods: Among SR indices, we chose three to compare them with their conventional counterparts: DJSI US vs. DJITR (USA), DJSI Korea vs. KOSPI (South Korea) and Respect Index vs. WIG20TR (Poland). The VIX index was used as the global measure of risk aver-sion. To measure the relative performance of SR and conventional indices in different risk periods, we applied risk-adjusted performance measures, including RSD, Sharpe and Treynor ratios, traditional and asymmetrical CAPM. Findings & Value added: The research shows that conventional and socially responsible indices do not differ statistically in terms of risk and return irrespective of global risk. Our research confirms that the rising, socially responsible, investment market cannot be analyzed only through the prism of simplified rational choices. Additionally, it should be analyzed in terms of moral philosophy and behavioral economics, including the psycho-social features of investors.

Communication of Drug Affordability between Physicians and Elderly Patients

Objective: To identify characteristics among elderly patients associated with patient–provider communications regarding affordability of medications in prescribing and dispensing. Methods: Telephone survey data from consumers ≥65 years old collected in the Texas Tech 5000 Survey were used. The sample size for the analyses was 2,360. Demographics, insurance, financial factors, nonfinancial factors, prescription drug use, and health status were used to identify which subgroup of elderly patients recalled communication with their providers regarding the affordability of prescriptions. Statistical analyses included bivariate analyses and a multivariate logistic regression. Results: Eleven percent of the respondents reported being asked by their physicians whether they could afford prescription drugs. In the multivariate analysis, gender, race, insurance coverage for prescriptions, income, number of physician visits, out-of-pocket expenditure for prescriptions, health, and physicians' participatory decision-making score were found to be associated with patient–provider communications regarding affordability of medications. Conclusions: Further research needs to be conducted to identify ways to improve patient–provider relationships to facilitate communication regarding affordability of medications among elderly patients. Improved communication or sensitivity to prescription affordability has the potential to increase patient medication adherence and improve clinical outcomes.