Tinospora Cordifolia: A Literature Review on Therapeutic uses and Pharmacological Actions

Tinospora cordifolia is a medicinal ayurvedic herb having vast benefit to human health. It is come under the climbing shrub, which belongs to family Menispermaceae and is inherent to India and some extent to China also, and some parts of Australia and Africa. Other names used for Tinospora cordifolia are Guduchi or Amrita or Giloy. Not a single part but whole plant has its own pharmacological effect for human well-being. Tinospora cordifolia has chemical constituents like terpenoids, alkaloids, steroids, lignans, flavonoids and glycosides. It has many pharmacological activities such as immunomodulation, anti-diabatic, antifungal, in hepatotoxicity (hepatic disorder), anti- cancer, anti-HIV potential, antitoxic effect, and in Parkinson disease. This review paper will discuss about the various properties/activities of the plant.

MIRACLE AYURVEDIC HERB - ASHWAGANDHA (WITHANIA SOMNIFERA DUNAL)

Ayurveda is successfully implemented as a primary healthcare system in India, and it is flourishing in the promotion of health around the world. Ayurveda aims to create a society happily, healthy, and peaceful. In general, the simple regimes mentioned in Ayurveda texts are of immense use faced by the present world today regarding health pro- motion. Ashwagandha (Withania Somnifera) is usually referred to as 'Indian winter cherry' or 'Indian Ginseng'. It is a shrub grown in India and North America whose roots have been used by Ayurvedic practitioners for thousands of years. Ashwagandha is one of Ayurveda's most essential herbs, used as Rasayana for its wide range of health benefits for centuries. Chemicals constitute of Ashwagandha (Withania Somnifera)- The chemistry of Ashwagan- dha (Withania Somnifera) has been widely studied and numerous categories of chemical constituents have been described, extracted, and isolated, such as steroidal lactones, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannin, etc. More than 12 alka- loids, 40 withanolides and several sitoindosides have currently been isolated from the aerial parts, roots, and berries of the Withania species and have been recorded. The principal biochemical element of Ashwagandha (WS) root is withanolides, which are steroidal alkaloids and steroidal lactones. The pharmacological activity of Ashwagan- dha- It has been shown to have pharmacological importance as an Adaptogen, Antibiotic, abortifacient, aphrodisiac, Astringent, Anti-inflammatory, deobstructive, diuretic, narcotic, sedative, and tonic through centuries of Ayurvedic medicinal practice using Ashwagandha (Withania Somnifera). Along with these Ashwagandha acts as Anti-stress,Anticarcinogenic activity, Anti-inflammatory activity, Anti-aging activity, Cardioprotective activity, hypothyroid activity and Immunomodulatory activity. Keywords: Ashwagandha, Withania Somnifera, Alkaloids, Withanoids, sitoindosides

BRAHMI (BACOPA MONNIERI)– A POTENTIAL AYURVEDIC COGNITIVE ENHANCER AND NEUROPROTECTIVE HERB

In Ayurveda, a wide variety of neuroprotective herbal plants have been reported. Brahmi, Bacopa monnieri, belonging to the family Scrophulariaceae, is one of the foremost nootropic and neuroprotective Ayurvedic herb known from ancient times. It is used in the traditional medicinal system to treat various brain related health problems and as a memory enhancer. In the modern era, it is generally used to upgrade memory, learning and to treat tension, depression and other major problems like cardiovascular diseases, gastrointestinal, hepatic, neurological and respiratory problems. There are vast reported studies on the Alzheimer's disease also, Brahmi is known to have anticancer, antidiabetic, mitigating, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. Bacopa plants contain various phytochemicals which include alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides and saponins. Other important constituents present in this plant are bacosides, bacopasides, and bacopa saponins, which are responsible for its therapeutic properties.

A Critical Review on the Unexplored Therapeutic Treasure of Himalayan Ayurvedic Drug Daruharidra (Berberis aristata)

: Ayurveda captured almost all herbs in its indications for therapeutics from the period of Vedas. More than 700 plants are discussed elaborately in various classics of Ayurveda of different periods. Berberis aristata DC (Berberidaceae) an Indian medicinal plant, is an Ayurvedic herb used since ancient times. It is commonly known as Daruharidra and Daruhaldi. The plant is useful as an antipyretic, antibacterial, antimicrobial, antihepatotoxic, antidiabetic, anticancer, antioxidant and hypolipidemic agent. Our main objective was to collect information about the active constituents and major pharmacological actions of B. aristata. Review of literature included PubMed, Science Direct searches with ‘Berberis aristata’ and ‘Daruharidra’ as initial keywords. This review aims to highlight the ethnomedicinal and pharmacological uses of B. aristata which will give insights in to developing potentially new bioactives from the plant scaffolds. This review also highlights the phytochemicals isolated from different parts of B. aristata. Daruharidra is a rich source of chemically novel compounds such as berberine and needs elaborate screening strategies to dwell into the pharmacological effects at the molecular level.

Bioactivity and Pharmacological Potential of Trianthema portulacastrum L. (Angiosperms: Aizoaceae): An Overview

Trianthema portulacastrum L. ( Biskhapra/ Horse purslane) is widely found in tropical and sub-tropical countries of the world. This weed automatically spread in cultivated fields. From the ancient time it is used for curative purposes. The plant pertains wide range of applicability and henceforth used as an Ayurvedic herb. The decoction of this herb utilized as a vermifuge, antidote prepared from that helps in treating alcohol poisoning and leaves cure the wound. In the era of phytomedicines lot of work has been done related to its morphology, ethno-pharmacology, medicinal uses, phyto-chemistry and pharmacological properties. Various pharmacological properties like antimicrobial properties, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-hyperglycemic, hepato-protective activity makes this plant very renowned amongst researchers as they utilized it somewhat like a panacea. Different parts of plants are utilized for the therapeutic purposes and extract prepared in different solvents used in the treatment of various disorders. In this review, an attempt has been made to provide all inclusive information of this plant about its bioactive compounds and their pharmacologoical importance.