Construction Cost for Soil Excavation (Cut and Fill) on-Site: Computer Based Program Analysis

Excavation is an important part of any construction project whereby removing earth to form cavity in the ground. This paper mainly focuses on cut and fill excavation by identify the cost of labor, material and equipment. Besides that, this paper aims to have better understanding on Bill of Quantity using coding. The method implemented for this study is using GNU Octave, version 6.2.0 and manual calculation to calculate the construction cost incurred during excavation process. Referring to the manual calculation, the overall cost obtained for the project is RM27352.15 whereas using GNU Octave software obtained for the project is RM27352.15. Thus, both GNU Octave software and manual calculation has zero percent difference. Octave is a computer programme that is designed for numerical computations and able to solve linear and nonlinear mathematical problems.

Usage of Standard Method of Measurement (SMM): Human Behaviour Issues

In response to the issues of generating an effective BQ that is correctly measured, estimated, and quantified, there is a need for the industry's key players to be underpinned by a single standard method of measurement. Studies reported on the daunting issues of SMM usage, which affected generating an effective BQ. Through a survey and supported with expert interviews, this study will attempt to disclose behaviour usage of Malaysian SMMs in measuring Civil Engineering works. The results indicate that various SMMs still being used in developing BQs on the threshold of 2021. Keywords: Bill of Quantity (BQ); Standard Method of Measurement (SMM); Human Behaviour; Usage of SMMs eISSN: 2398-4287© 2021. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI:

Perbandingan Estimasi Anggaran Biaya Antara Metode BOW, SNI dan Perhitungan Kontraktor

Dalam menentukan harga suatu pekerjaan, diperlukan sarana dasar perhitungan harga satuan yaitu analisa biaya konstruksi. Dalam menghitung analisa biaya konstruksi selama ini memakai analisa BOW, SNI dan perhitungan kontraktor. Diperlukan studi komparasi dari ketiga metode tersebut sehingga diketahui mana yang lebih efektif dan efisien sebagai dasar bagi semua pihak dalam menentukan strategi dalam hal estimasi anggaran biaya. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menyusun Rencana Anggaran Biaya proyek berdasarkan volume pekerjaan pada bill of quantity (BoQ) tender. Analisa harga satuan pekerjaan dihitung berdasarkan analisa BOW, analisa SNI dan analisa versi Kontraktor. Dari hasil estimasi tersebut diperoleh harga berdasarkan analisa BOW sebesar Rp. 2.682.315.013,-, berdasarkan SNI sebesar Rp. 1.958.002.381,- dan berdasarkan perhitungan kontraktor sebesar Rp. 1.781.956.483,-. Selisih harga BOW dengan SNI Rp. 724.312.632,-. Selisih harga BOW dengan perhitungan kontraktor sebesar Rp. 900.358.529,-. Selisih harga SNI dengan harga perhitungan kontraktor Rp. 176.045.897,-.

PERBANDINGAN ESTIMASI ANGGARAN BIAYA ANTARA METODE BOW, SNI DAN PERHITUNGAN KONTRAKTOR

In determining the price of a job, it need the basic tool of unit price analysis, namely the construction costs analysis. In calculating the construction costs analysis there are several methods have been generally used such as analysis of BOW, SNI and also companies that make their own calculation analysis. A comparative study is needed from the three methods so that it can be seen which is more effective and efficient as a basis for all parties in determining the strategy in terms of cost budget estimates. The study was conducted by preparing a project cost budget plan based on the volume of works on the bill of quantity (BoQ). The unit price analysis is calculated based on BOW analysis, SNI analysis and Contractor version analysis. From the estimation results, a price based on BOW analysis is IDR 2,682,315,013,-, based on SNI analysis is IDR 1,958,002,381, - and based on analysis of contractor calculations is IDR 1,781,956,483. Differences in price between BOW and SNI is IDR 724,312,632. Differences in price between BOW and contractors calculation is IDR 900,358,529. Differences price between SNI and contractors calculation is IDR 176,045,897.

The Combination of Project Construction Management and Lean Construction Techniques in the Architectural Project

Main goal of Project Construction Management and Project Management is to delivery a project within scope, times and costs planned, obtaining a high quality standard. Instead, Lean Construction is focused on minimizing waste, in favor to creating maximum value for the client. The question to which this empirical research wants to answer is following: the integration of Project Construction Management and Lean Construction techniques could affect positively the respect of times and costs planned? To answer to the question it ideated a method that integrates the techniques of two methodologies. Then it applied in the architectural project of simulation in order to show the potentiality of the method. The workflow divided into three stages. At first stage, they identified the individual assegnments through Work Breakdown Structure. At second stage, it defined the Organizational Breakdown Structure. At last stage they planned the construction times and costs through Priced Bill of Quantity, Cost Breakdown Structure, Gantt Chart and Last Planner® System. The hypothesis on expected results deriving from the application of the method and they could led to thinking an improvement of project performance in terms of times and costs planned, respect to only Project Construction Management techniques. Future researches could be experimental, involving enterprises ed implementing the methodology in real study cases, using also the Building Information Modelling.

Influence of rebar practice in the total cost of building construction projects: The case of Hawassa city, Ethiopia

Rebar is one of the materials which is so scarce and highly expensive. The existing practices produce a large quantity of wastage; which contributes to the increment of the project cost. This study aimed to analyze the causes, extent, and remedies of steel wastages on the total costs of construction projects in Hawassa city. The study followed descriptive and analytical research designs. The cost estimated in the bill of quantity and the final cost after the provision of the steel with alterations was compared and the reasons for cost overrun were analyzed. The data were analyzed using Central value analysis, correlation and regression analysis using SPSS stat20, RebarWin7.97, ETABS2016. The percentage of the cost of steel wastage in total cost was found 1.43%. The result of the study verdict that frequent design change and bare-benders skill gap contribute much to the material wastage, thus for the cost overrun of projects. Keywords: Bending gain, cost overrun, detailing, rebar, redesign, steel, wastage

WASTE MATERIAL BETON PADA PROYEK KONSTRUKSI DI JAKARTA

Waste material can be interpreted as undesirable or valueless material for ordinary or primary purposes in the manufacture or use. This study aims to determine how much the remaining material that occurs in concrete construction work and the form of handling carried out to prevent material waste. The purpose of this study was to determine how much material waste occurred, losses caused by material waste and to find out the cause of material waste. The research sample taken was a low rise building project in Jakarta and its surroundings. The method used in data collection is field observations and interviews. Data obtained in the form of Bill of Quantity, working drawings, or monthly reports. Data analysis using quantitative analysis to determine the largest type of material and losses in concrete work calculated by the regression method assisted by the SPSS program to get the large losses that occur in concrete construction work. The results obtained are the largest residual construction material in concrete construction is 7.05% for low rise building projects in Jakarta and surrounding areas and losses (%) that have a regression such as the following Y = -1.640 + 0.669 X1 + 0.481 X2 + 0.098 X3.AbstrakWaste material can be interpreted as undesirable or valueless material for ordinary or primary purposes in the manufacture or use. This study aims to determine how much the remaining material that occurs in concrete construction work and the form of handling carried out to prevent material waste. The purpose of this study was to determine how much material waste occurred, losses caused by material waste and to find out the cause of material waste. The research sample taken was a low rise building project in Jakarta and its surroundings. The method used in data collection is field observations and interviews. Data obtained in the form of Bill of Quantity, working drawings, or monthly reports. Data analysis using quantitative analysis to determine the largest type of material and losses in concrete work calculated by the regression method assisted by the SPSS program to get the large losses that occur in concrete construction work. The results obtained are the largest residual construction material in concrete construction is 7.05% for low rise building projects in Jakarta and surrounding areas and losses (%) that have a regression such as the following Y = -1.640 + 0.669 X1 + 0.481 X2 + 0.098 X3.

Penilaian Kriteria Green Building Pada Pembangunan Gedung IsDB Project Berdasarkan Skala Indeks Menggunakan Greenship Versi 1.2 (Studi Kasus: Gedung Engineering Biotechnology Universitas Jember)

Perencanaan dalam pembangunan saat ini harus mengacu dalam konsep Green Building yang merupakan salah satu wujud kepedulian terhadap kelestarian lingkungan dibidang konstruksi dalam menyikapi pemanasan global (global warming), untuk mengurangi efek dari global warming setiap perencanaan harus menerapkan konsep bangunan yang sesuai dengan iklim dan lingkungan alam sekitar. Perencanaan dengan konsep Green Building merupakan rangka dalam mencapai sertifikasi bangunan ramah lingkungan yang dikeluarkan oleh Green Building Council Indonesia (GBCI). Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menilai penerapan konsep Green Building pada salah satu bangunan IsDB di area Universitas Jember. Metode penelitian pada studi ini menggunakan perangkat penilaian Greenship Untuk Bangunan Baru versi 1.2, proses pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara observasi dan wawancara serta data sekunder dari pihak perencana meliputi gambar rencana, BoQ (Bill of Quantity) dan RKS (Rencana Kerja Syarat-syarat), tahap penilaian yang digunakan yaitu tahap Recognisi Desain (DR) dimana penilaian dilakukan saat proyek dalam kondisi finalisasi desain dan perencanaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan gedung mendapatkan total penilaian 30 poin presentase sebesar 38,96% dengan predikat Bronze/perunggu, jika gedung dapat menerapkan beberapa kriteria yang telah direkomedasikan gedung dapat memperoleh nilai 46 poin dengan presentase 59.74 % predikat Gold/emas.

A SCHEDULING ON IMPLEMENTATION OF ISDB PROJECT JEMBER UNIVERSITY WITH PRECEDENCE DIAGRAM METHOD

Scheduling is important, because of the time limit, so the implementation of project activities must be planned and timely. The Integrated Laboratory for Natural Science and Food Technology building is one of the development projects of the IsDB (Islamic Development Bank), in the Jember University. In this study, the schedule will be carried out using the PDM method (Precedence Diagram Method), assisted by the Microsoft Project. The PDM is a working network with a clear dependency relationship and can be used on projects that have overlapping activities between tasks to another, PDM can show critical trajectory. Secondary data needed in the form of soft-drawings, BoQ (Bill of Quantity), City of Jember AHS 2018 and S curve. There are 30 jobs included in the critical track including 14 jobs in construction work, 11 jobs in architectural work and 5 jobs in outside work. The results of the study indicate that the duration of the construction Building is 242 days, or 8 months 16 days. Penjadwalan merupakan hal yang penting, karena adanya batasan waktu, maka pelaksanaan kegiatan proyek harus tepat rencana dan tepat waktu. Gedung Integrated Laboratory for Natural Science and Food Technology merupakan salah satu pembangunan proyek IsDB (Islamic Development Bank), yang ada di lingkungan Universitas Jember. Pada penelitian ini, akan dilakukan penjadwalan menggunakan metode PDM (Precedence Diagram Method) dibantu dengan Microsoft Project. PDM merupakan jaringan kerja dengan hubungan ketergantungan yang jelas dan dapat digunakan pada proyek yang mempunyai kegiatan tumpang tindih antar satu pekerjaan ke pekerjaan lainnya, serta dapat menunjukkan lintasan kritis. Data yang dibutuhkan berupa data sekunder yaitu gambar rencana, BoQ, AHS Kota Jember 2018 dan kurva S. Terdapat 30 pekerjaan yang termasuk dalam lintasan kritis meliputi 14 pekerjaan di pekerjaan strukur, 11 pekerjaan di pekerjaan arsitektur serta 5 pekerjaan di pekerjaan luar bangunan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jangka waktu pelaksanaan pembangunan Gedung Integrated Laboratory for Natural Science and Food Technology adalah selama 242 hari, atau 8 bulan lebih 16 hari.

Key Success Factors Implementing BIM Based Quantity Take-off in Fit-Out Office Work using Relative Importance Index

Interior work is the last phase of a building project before it can be habitable. An important element of interior work is; 1. Function 2. success 3. Elements of Identity, branding, company priorities, and actualization. The need for office space that meet the requirements continues to increase discussing the use of materials to meet no 3 increasingly limited and constantly updated. Office Fit-Out work is directly related to the company's image and the productivity of its employees makes the budget for its construction so often in a large proportion. Like other construction work, a suitable work life cycle exiting the office will go through the design process, making Bill Of Quantity until the construction phase will go through the Quantity Take-Off process. Traditional quantity take-off takes time, low accuracy and create miscalculation, automatic take-off using BIM base Quantity take-off is a solution to help prepare cost estimation. Previous research found that a traditional take-off (manual take off) process took five times longer than the BIM Quantity Take-Off did. The quantity take-off for fit-out offices work has obstacles because the model for the Fit-out office building work has not been standardized. This study uses the Relative Important Index (RII) statistical tool to find the main factor that influences the BIM process of Quantity take-off with the results of the 10 sub factors that most influence the BIM Quantity take-off process.