Peer loss: Posttraumatic stress, depression, and grief symptoms in a traumatized adolescent community

In our prospective study, 168 adolescents exposed directly or indirectly to the same traumatic event—a fatal school bus accident—in which seven students were killed instantly, were assessed for post-traumatic stress, depression and grief symptoms at 2- and 18-months post-accident. Prevalence rates of likely PTSD and depression were noted across all types of physical proximity exposure: 77.6% and 48.1% respectively in the indirectly exposed group, 79.4% and 47.1% respectively in the directly in-the-area exposed group, and 77.8% and 42.1% respectively in the directly in-bus exposed group. One-fifth experienced high and unremitting levels of grief symptoms over time (“persistent grief”); 17% with initially high levels of grief symptoms showed a decrease at 18 months but were still within the low medium range (“towards recovery”); 39% with initially medium/high grief symptoms reported low levels of grief at the follow-up (“recovery”); and 23% of the participants experienced grief symptoms that remained persistently low (“resilient”). The absence of both PTSD and depression at 18 months predicted adjustment to loss, whereas the absence of depression at 18 months predicted a recovering course of grief. The findings highlight the impact of high levels of post-traumatic stress and depression symptoms on the long-term persistent grief outcome.

Road crash by public transport: Analysis from a bus accident case in Benin in 2019

Objective : Although public transport is not the highest contributor to road crashes in Benin, the morbidity and mortality associated with such accidents are very high. The work aimed to analyze a road crash involving an intercity bus that occurred on February 23, 2019 in Benin. Results : Mortality rate was 21.2%. The median age of patients admitted to the hospital was 36 years (27-45). The primary areas affected by the accident were the cephalic pole (51%) and more than 20% had a high injury severity score. The main risk factor contributing to the accident was speeding. Wearing a seatbelt was a factor found to impact the severity of the injuries endured. In order to implement intervention aimed at prevention, there needs to be sufficient research to identify the most pressing risk factors involved in accidents occurring on public transportation.

Kajian Peningkatan Keselamatan Penumpang Bus AKDP/AKAP Melalui Pembinaan Pengemudi dan Fasilitas Keselamatan di Bali

Infrastructures' quality on bus safety are depends on some elements supporting such as the bus company, driver, spare parts, bus compete, and the bus itself Based on the driver's behavior some points that should be concerns are the driver's safety awareness and illegal driver license, which affecting the driver's behavior such as; driving carelessly, disobey the passengers' safety and disobey the traffic signs. The goal of this study is to find out the quality of AKDP/AKAP bus safeh/s infrastructures and passengers safety's factors. Some recommendations are expected to be delivered as the results of the study as the improvement of the quality of AKDP/ AKAP bus safety's infrastructures in order to support the passengers' safety in Bali. This is a descriptive study, with the assumptions that the cause of accidents is dominated by human error which is the driver. The result of the study showed that there are some factors play important roles as the cause of accident and the main factor in bus accident dealing with the infrastructure's safety improvement is vehicles' calibration.Keywords: safety facilities, bus

GAYA HIDUP DAN RISIKO KECELAKAAN PADA PENGEMUDI BUS ANTAR KOTA ANTAR PROVINSI (AKAP)

Kejadian kecelakaan lalu lintas darat cenderung mengalami peningkatan. Salah satu penyumbang kecelakaan lalu lintas darat adalah kecelakaan bus Antar Kota Antar Provinsi (AKAP). Kecelakaan bus AKAP ini berisiko menimbulkan kerugian karena menyangkut keselamatan penumpang dan pengguna jalan lain. Risiko kecelakaan ini erat kaitannya dengan kesehatan dan kebugaran pengemudi bus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara gaya hidup dengan risiko kecelakaan pada pengemudi bus AKAP yang melintasi Kabupaten Kendal. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian obsersional-analitik. Penelitian dilakukan di RM.X dengan responden sebanyak 40 orangpengemudi bus AKAP. Pengumpulan data melalui wawancara dengan kuesioner. Data dianalisis secara statistik dengan uji chi square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak ada hubungan yang bermakna antara kebiasaan olahraga (nilai p = 0,654), pola istirahat (0,279), dan pola makan dengan kejadian kecelakaan kerja pada pengemudi bus AKAP. Seluruh pengemudi bus AKAP (100%) memiliki pola makan tidak seimbang. Disarankan pengemudi bus AKAP untuk lebih memperhatikan kebugaran, kebiasaan istirahat serta kebiasaan makan, agar saat mengemudi selalu dalam kondisi prima. Kata kunci : Gaya hidup, pola istirahat, kebiasaan makan, risiko kecelakaan, pengemudi bus LIFESTYLE AND RISK OF ACCIDENTS ON THE INTER-CITY INTER-PROVINCE BUS ACCIDENT (AKAP) ABSTRACT Land traffic accident incidents tend to increase. One of the contributors to land traffic accidents is the Inter-City Inter-Province bus accident (AKAP). This AKAP bus accident risks causing losses because it involves the safety of passengers and other road users. This accident risk is closely related to the health and fitness of the bus driver. This study aims to determine the relationship between lifestyle and risk of accidents on AKAP bus drivers who cross the Kendal Regency. This study is an analytical-analytical study. The research was conducted at RM.X with 40 respondents as AKAP bus drivers. Data collection through interviews with questionnaires. Data were analyzed statistically by the chi square test. The results showed no significant relationship between exercise habits (p value = 0.654), rest pattern (0.279), and diet with the incidence of workplace accidents in AKAP Bus drivers. All AKAP bus drivers (100%) have an unbalanced diet. AKAP bus drivers are advised to pay more attention to fitness, rest habits and eating habits, so that when driving is always in top condition. Keywords: Lifestyle, sleep pattern, eating habits, risk of accident, bus driver