Reconstruction of Mining Policies on Justice in Lampung Province

<p>The purpose of research is to examine the mining potentials and policies that have been implemented in Lampung Province and to reformulate mining policies in Lampung Province, which on the one hand can improve the regional economy, on the other hand while maintaining environmental sustainability. Mining resources are a source of prosperity for the region, but it requires commitment from local governments, public institutions, the private sector and the community to conduct sustainable mining management. Sustainable management is able to meet the needs of the present, in the future and improve the health, prosperity of the environment and surrounding communities. Policies that can be carried out starting from licensing, monitoring post-mining land management, managing mine waste and compiling regulations that can support the realization of green mining and environmental conservation activities. The results of this study indicate that mining management in Lampung Province provides economic value to increase local revenue. However, it must be supported by environment-based policies, because mining activities have the possibility of an environment that becomes uncontrollably damaged. Efforts that can be done by local governments are by paying attention to licensing for managers, providing guidance, supervision, so that mining activities can be controlled and not damage the environment</p><p> </p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> Reformulation; Policy; Mining.</p>

Policy-Engineering Optimization with Visual Representation and Separation-of-Duty Constraints in Attribute-Based Access Control

Recently, attribute-based access control (ABAC) has received increasingly more attention and has emerged as the desired access control mechanism for many organizations because of its flexibility and scalability for authorization management, as well as its security policies, such as separation-of-duty constraints and mutually exclusive constraints. Policy-engineering technology is an effective approach for the construction of ABAC systems. However, most conventional methods lack interpretability, and their constructing processes are complex. Furthermore, they do not consider the separation-of-duty constraints. To address these issues in ABAC, this paper proposes a novel method called policy engineering optimization with visual representation and separation of duty constraints (PEO_VR&SOD). First, to enhance interpretability while mining a minimal set of rules, we use the visual technique with Hamming distance to reduce the policy mining scale and present a policy mining algorithm. Second, to verify whether the separation of duty constraints can be satisfied in a constructed policy engineering system, we use the method of SAT-based model counting to reduce the constraints and construct mutually exclusive constraints to implicitly enforce the given separation of duty constraints. The experiments demonstrate the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed method and show encouraging results.

An illiquid market in the desert: estimating the cost of water trade restrictions in northern Chile

This paper estimates the cost of a policy to restrict water trades to mining firms in northern Chile in order to protect riparian ecosystems and indigenous agriculture. In response to the policy, mining firms have developed high-cost desalination and pumping facilities to secure adequate water supplies. We develop a methodology and estimate the cost of market transactions that fail to occur due to the policy. Lost trade surplus is estimated at US$52 million per year. Without trade restrictions, around 86 per cent of the remaining agricultural water in the region would be transferred to mining.

If mining conflicts suppress the right of public participation, then can mining be sustainable?

Mining of natural resources has surpassed agriculture as the basis for Australia’s economy; but at what cost? It is essential to Australia’s economic health to have access to a continuing income stream from a number of sources including minerals. However, there is a presumption – in both the political and resources sectors – that mining interests should trump all other interests, including social and environmental ones. A number of recent conflicts involving major mining projects in Australia and overseas have highlighted the fallacy of the claimed economic and social benefits, as well as the dangers to the community, the legal profession and the judiciary of suppressing public participation in the environmental impact assessment (EIA) process.Any actions by the executive to exclude public participation in reviewing documentation related to resource management and extractive developments by legislative or policy changes such as the proposed new planning legislation in NSW and the new mining State Environmental Planning Policy (Mining Petroleum, Production and Extractive Industries) Amendment (Resource Significance) 2013 (Amended Mining SEPP), are retrogressive steps. The argument in this paper is that, due to the often negative and large-scale impacts that mineral extraction developments may have on the community and the environment, mineral extraction developments should be subject to a rigorous EIA processes which incorporate effective and inclusive rights of public participation, especially in relation to major projects. Such rights should be enshrined in environmental legislation in the objects clause, standing for merit and judicial review provisions, and there should be a duty for the decision-makers to properly consider public submissions. Such provisions may lead to revision of the development or its outright rejection. Furthermore, innovative policies, programmes and legislative reform should be drafted to protect public participation and the right to oppose inappropriate developments.