The Urgency of Regulating Online Arbitration in Dispute Settlement of E-Commerce Transactions in Indonesia

The purpose of this study is to analyze the urgency of arrangements regarding Online Arbitration in dispute resolution on e-commerce transactions and to analyze the conceptualization of Online Arbitration in dispute resolution on e-commerce transactions. This research uses the statue approach to analyzing and tracing the regulations related to Online Dispute Resolution (ODR) and trade disputes. The legal material analysis technique was carried out by using the descriptive analysis method. ODR must have a clear legal basis. But in reality, in Indonesia until now the ODR does not have a legal basis even though in several laws and regulations it has opened opportunities for ODR to enter and also in article 72 paragraph (2) of the Government Regulation No. 80 of 2019 concerning Trade Through Electronic System states that settlement of disputes through electronic systems can be resolved via ODR. The ODR concept, especially online arbitration, which will be adopted by Indonesia, can be implemented by first reformulating existing regulations, particularly in Law No. 30 of 1999 concerning Arbitration and Other Alternative Dispute Resolution. By reformulating the rules contained in the Law, it can be used as a rule that also underlies the use of ODR in Indonesia. Incorporating the ODR concept into Indonesia is also carried out by making comparisons with other countries that have used it first so that Indonesia has an overview and inspiration in making the concept of ODR in Indonesia.

PERBANDINGAN HUKUM ARBITRASE DAN ALTERNATIF PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA ARBITRASE ONLINE INDONESIA DAN CINA

This article focuses on legal comparisons between Indonesian law and China law regarding arbitration and alternative dispute resolution, especially online arbitration. The author sees a similarity in terms of law, namely that there is no single law regulating the use of online arbitration. Even more, the conditions of the Covid-19 pandemic focused alternative dispute resolution to be carried out online as well. This paper is normative legal research with a comparative approach. The results of this paper are neither in Indonesia nor China regulates online arbitration in their legal system, but both provide opportunities for online arbitration to be held. There are differences in Indonesia and China. In Covid-19 pandemic situation force BANI Arbitration Center implemented online arbitration. But in China, China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission (CIETAC) fully implement online arbitration before covid-19 pandemic.

Analisis Hukum Pelaksanaan Penyelesaian Sengketa Bisnis Dengan Metode Arbitrase Online di Indonesia dan di Singapura

Online arbitration has been carried out by the Singapore International Arbitration Center (SIAC), then SIAC Rules, Arbitration Act of Singapore, and UNCITRAL as a legal basis SIAC already has rules regarding online arbitration. The Indonesian National Arbitration Board (BANI) has practically carried out online arbitration, but the BANI Arbitration Rules & Procedures and Law No.30 of 1999 as the legal basis for BANI do not have clear rules. This writing will discuss the comparison of online arbitration enforcement at SIAC with BANI, how SIAC regulates online arbitration execution and whether it can be adopted for online arbitration arrangements at BANI. This research was conducted using a normative juridical method. The approach used is legislation and comparison. The results of the comparative research on the implementation of online arbitration at SIAC and BANI show that SIAC already has rules that clearly regulate the implementation of online arbitration from arbitration registration, hearings, to online arbitration awards. In the implementation of online arbitration at BANI, BANI online arbitration registration is possible because it has the rules, but in the subsequent process of online examination hearings, and online arbitration awards do not yet have rules that regulate explicitly and clearly. Online arbitration arrangements at SIAC can be adopted into online arbitration procedure law by BANI and the Indonesian Arbitration Law because they do not conflict with other laws in Indonesia.

Online Dispute Resolution Simulation

Online dispute resolution (ODR) simulation workshops are designed to provide students with a virtual learning environment that empowers our students to gain legal and digital skills for their readiness in future employment. Students are invited to act as complainants, opponents and arbitrators/mediators to resolve a real-life case in a team-based, student-centred and research-informed teaching and learning environment. The ODR simulation workshops have been conducted by the author among both undergraduate and postgraduate law students since 2007 at Brunel University and other places. This ongoing project was initially funded by the Nominet Trust in 2010. Throughout these years, ODR simulation workshops have been well-received by students from different cultures, particularly where English is not their first language. Students were asked to conduct online arbitration or mediation hearings and submit arbitral awards and mediation settlements, as well as delivering technical observation notes and group presentations after the process. This article promotes the use of ODR simulation to effectively enhance students’ learning experience, legal skills (i.e. critical thinking, legal reasoning, problem-solving skills) and digital skills. It puts ODR simulation into the context of the shift in teaching approaches in the digital age and explains how modern legal education can be shaped to prepare for digital lawyering. Keywords: online dispute resolution; online arbitration; digital literacy; digital empowerment; artificial intelligence; digital lawyering; flexible learning; team-based learning; student-centred learning, research-informed teaching.

International investment disputes in the conditions of a pandemic

This article discusses theoretical and practical issues of investment disputes, as well as the role and role of arbitrators in dispute resolution. The legal significance of online arbitration in the context of a modern pandemic in resolving disputes, the scientific views of representatives of this field and some aspects of practice have been studied. Also, a scientific and practical analysis of the issue of enforcement by states and individuals of arbitration decisions on the settlement of international investment disputes, as well as international legal aspects was carried out.

PROBLEMATIKA HUKUM ARBITRASE ONLINE MENURUT UU NO. 30 TAHUN 1999 TENTANG ARBITRASE DAN ALTERNATIF PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA

<p>Abstract<br />This article describes and examines the problem, first, the legal standing of the Arbitration Online according to Law No. 30 of 1999 concerning Arbitration and Alternative Dispute Resolution. Secondly, there are legal problems if online arbitration is carried out in Indonesia. This research is prescriptive normative legal research. Types of data and sources of research material include primary and secondary legal materials. The data collection technique used is the study of literature and through Cyber media, furthermore the technical analysis used is the deductive method. The results show that online arbitration can actually be carried out in Indonesia. Through Law No. 11 of 2008 concerning Electronic Information and Transactions that were changed using Law No. 19 of 2016 concerning Amendments to Law No. 11 of 2008 and Government Regulation No. 71 of 2019 concerning the Implementation of Electronic Transactions and Systems the government has provided the means and foundation for carrying out online arbitration. Online arbitration has advantages in the speed and efficiency of dispute resolution times. However, online Aribtrase also has some disadvantages such as how to registering decisions in court, the presence of witnesses in court, piracy and hacking, and unequal electronic means.<br />Keywords: Alternative Dispute Resolution; Online Arbitration; Electronic Document; Law No. 30 of 1999</p><p>Abstrak<br />Artikel ini ini mendeskripsikan dan mengkaji permasalahan, pertama, kedudukan hukum Arbitrase Online menurut UU No. 30 Tahun 1999 tentang Arbitrase dan Alternatif Penyelesaian Sengketa. Kedua, problem hukum apabila arbitrase online dilaksanakan di Indonesia. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian hukum normatif bersifat preskriptif. Jenis data dan sumber bahan penelitian meliputi bahan hukum primer dan sekunder. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah studi kepustakaan dan melalui Cyber media, selanjutnya teknis analisis yang digunakan adalah metode deduktif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa arbitrase online sebenarnya sudah dapat dilaksanakan di Indonesia. Melalui Undang- Undang No. 11 Tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elekronik yang diubah menggunakan Undang- Undang No. 19 Tahun 2016 tentang Perubahan Atas Undang- Undang No. 11 Tahun 2008 serta Peraturan Pemerintah No. 71 Tahun 2019 tentang Pelaksanaan Sistem dan Transaksi Elektronik pemerintah telah memberikan sarana dan landasan untuk melaksanakan arbitrase online. Arbitrase online memiliki kelebihan dalam kecepatan dan efisiensi waktu penyelesaian sengketa. Akan tetapi arbitrase online juga memiliki beberapa kekurangan seperti bagaimana pendaftaran putusan di pengadilan, kehadiran para saksi dalam persidangan, pembajakan dan peretasan, dan sarana elektronik yang kurang merata.<br />Kata Kunci: Alternatif Penyelesaian Sengketa; Arbitrase Online; Dokumen Digital; UU No. 30 Tahun 1999</p>

EKSISTENSI ARBITRASE ONLINE SEBAGAI MODEL PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA E-COMMERCE DI BEBERAPA NEGARA

<p>Abstract<br />The purpose of the article is to know about the existence of online arbitration as the model of the dispute resolution in Republic of India, Republic of China, and Netherlands. This research is a normative law research which is prescriptive. It used statute approach and comparative approach. The materials used in the research are primer law material and secondary law material by using library research as the data collection technique. In analyzing the law material, the researcher used the method of syllogism deduction to explain the general things to draw the specific conclusion. Based on the result and discussion, it can be concluded that even though India and China do not have the specific rules about Online Dispute Resolution (ODR) including online arbitration as well as Netherlands however; the online arbitration is able to be applied as the model of the dispute resolution since it does not violate the statutory regulations. In addition, the institution of online arbitration service provider has its own procedural regulations which have been adjusted to the laws that apply in the country.<br />Keywords: Online arbitration; ODR; E-commerce</p><p>Abstrak<br />Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui mengenai bagaimana eksistensi arbitrase online sebagai model penyelesaian sengketa di Republik India, Republik Rakyat China, dan Belanda. Penelitian ini merupakan sebuah penelitian hukum normatif yang bersifat preskriptif. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah mendekatan perundang-undangan (statute approach) dan pendekatan perbandingan (comparative approach). Bahan yang digunakan dalam penulisan ini diperoleh dari bahan hukum primer dan bahan hukum skunder dengan menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data berupa studi kepustakaan. Dalam menganalisis bahan hukum, digunakan cara silogisme deduksi menjelaskan suatu hal yang bersifat umum kemudian menariknya menjadi kesimpulan yang lebih khusus. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan pembahasan dapat disimpukan bahwa meskipun India dan China belum memiliki aturan khusus mengenai Online Dispute Resolution (ODR) termasuk arbitrase online seperti Belanda tetapi arbitrase online tetap dapat diterapkan sebagai model penyelesaian sengketa karena tidak menyalahi aturan perundang-undangan. Selain itu, lembaga penyedia layanan arbitrase online juga memiliki aturan prosedural sendiri yang telah disesuaikan dengan undang-undang yang berlaku di negaranya.<br />Kata Kunci: Arbitrase online; ODR; E-commerce</p>