PSVII-14 Effects of birth characteristics, nursing behaviors, and supplemental milk on piglet pre-weaning growth and survival

The objectives of this study were to determine effects of birth characteristics, nursing behaviors and an oral gavage of milk replacer on pre-weaning growth and survival of piglets. Sixty-one sows were monitored during farrowing and length, timing, order and other birth characteristics were recorded for 789 piglets. Nursing behaviors and body weights were obtained on days 1, 8, 15, and 21 of lactation. Pairs of piglets (n=205) nursing the same teats were selected and one was given 1 mL milk replacer at 24 hours postpartum while the other was the control. Birth weight (p< 0.0001) and teat location nursed (p< 0.0001) were significant sources of variation for both growth and survival. Both decreased (p< 0.05) as nursing location became more posterior. Piglets nursing the first pair of teats had the highest gain (5.43 + 0.13 kg) and survival (86.2%) while those nursing the seventh pair (3.82 + 0.18 kg and 67.1%) had the lowest. The largest piglets at birth (1.88 + 0.01 kg, n=204) had better (p< 0.05) growth (5.38 + 0.10 vs. 4.09 + 1.0 kg) and survival (91.1 vs 70.5%) compared with the smallest pigs (1.08 + 0.1 kg, n=207). Milk replacer did not influence piglet growth (p=0.84) but improved survival (84.9 vs 79.3%; p=0.04). Birth order (p >0.21), farrowing length (p >0.42) and birth interval (p >0.38) did not affect growth or survival. These results indicate that teat location and birth weight have significant effects on pre-weaning growth and survival while the duration, timing and order of piglet births do not and that an oral gavage of milk has potential for improving pre-weaning survival.

A Novel Approach to Explore How Nursing Care Affects Intracranial Pressure

Background Intracranial pressure is measured continuously, and nursing behaviors have been associated with variations in the measurements. Methods A prospective pilot observational study was done to develop a comprehensive list of nursing behaviors that affect patients’ intracranial pressure. Data on nurses were obtained by self-reports and video recording. Patient-level data were collected via chart abstraction, video recording, and patients’ monitors. Results Data on 9 patients and 32 nurses were analyzed. A total of 6244 minutes of data were video recorded. Intracranial pressure was changed because of a nursing intervention during 3394 observations. Compared with baseline levels, intracranial pressure was significantly higher if a nursing intervention was performed (odds ratio, 1.96; 95% CI, 1.71–2.24; P < .001). Conclusion Studying nursing behaviors is feasible. Synchronizing and analyzing mutually exclusive and exhaustive behaviors indicated that nursing behaviors have an effect on patients’ intracranial pressure.

METODOLOGI PENELITIAN KEPERAWATAN YANG TEPAT TENTANG PERILAKU CARING PERAWAT TERHADAP KLIEN: Pilihan antara Kuantitatif atau Kualitatif

Metodologi penelitian kuantitatif maupun kualitatif telah berperan dalam menghasilkan ilmu pengetahuan. Tetapi metodologi apa yang tepat digunakan dalam mengembangkan ilmu keperawatan masih saja menjadi perdebatan. Tujuan penulisan ini adalah untuk menganalisa kekuatan dan kelemahan metodologi kuantitatif dan kualitatif dalam mengembangkan salah satu konsep dalam keperawatan yakni perilaku caring perawat. Pada akhirnya terlihat bahwa apapun metodologi yang digunakan oleh peneliti, maka metodologi tersebut haruslah konsisten dengan paradigm dan filosofi keperawatan yang mendasari penelitian tersebut. Both quantitative and qualitative research is useful in generating knowledge. Even though the most appropriate methodology for generating nursing knowledge is still being debated. The main purpose of this paper is to analyze the strengths and the limitations of these two methodologies in generating one of the conceptual themes in nursing: nursing behaviors. Finally, whether the research chooses a quantitative or uses a qualitative approach, the approach should be consistent with the paradigm and nursing philosophy that intended research.