A Noise-Immune Kalman Filter and Modelling forPedestrian Traffic Loads

The definition of design load with walking crowd excitation on these slender structures is a significant problem to human-induced vibration. To capture the characteristics of walking crowd loads, this article researches both the ground reaction force and ground reaction moment for 36 healthy adults. Firstly, a oscillate system modeling walking leg is used to build a governing equation, which further transformed into the discrete state space. Then the Kalman method is applied to filter the noises for the measured ground reaction force, which can well remove the noises hiding in the measured signals. In addition, the Fourier series are used to model the ground reaction force and ground reaction moment, and the first six corresponding coefficients are obtained and analyzed. This work comprehensively explores the excitation force and moment from walking pedestrian feet. The result of this study provides the reference of load design for these slender structures such as footbridges, grandstands, or stations under crowd excitation.