Estudo do potencial de contaminação do Aterro Controlado do Jóquei Clube, Distrito Federal

RESUMO O Aterro Controlado do Jóquei Clube (ACJC), localizado no Distrito Federal, operou como área de disposição final inadequada de resíduos sólidos desde 1960 até o início de 2018. O principal objetivo desta pesquisa consistiu em avaliar o potencial de contaminação desse aterro, em razão da produção de chorume e biogás. Inicialmente, foram identificadas as áreas mais suscetíveis à contaminação nas sub-bacias hidrográficas do Bananal e do Riacho Fundo, onde o aterro está situado, por meio da produção de um mapa de vulnerabilidade natural à contaminação dos aquíferos. Para tanto, utilizou-se a metodologia DRASTIC, que consiste em uma combinação linear ponderada de sete parâmetros hidrogeológicos, com o auxílio da ferramenta de análise multicritério AHP (Análise Hierárquica de Processos) e de algoritmos de álgebra de mapas implementados em ambiente de Sistema de Informação Geográfica (SIG). Esse mapa evidenciou que o ACJC está localizado em áreas de moderada a elevada vulnerabilidade natural à contaminação. Simulou-se também o balanço hídrico no aterro por meio do modelo Hydrologic Evaluation of Landfill Performance (HELP), o qual possibilitou a identificação de áreas com maior potencial de contaminação em razão do maior volume de chorume produzido. Por fim, realizou-se uma análise da temperatura de cobertura do solo na região do aterro, por meio de imagens sazonais do sensor orbital TM/Landsat entre os anos de 1986 e 2016, as quais evidenciaram aumento gradual da temperatura, servindo de possível indicador da distribuição subsuperficial de biogás presente no aterro.

Hydrological aspects of an industrial landfill

A water balance for a landfill in the South-West of Sweden has been performed. The waterbalance is based on measured values of leachate and calculated values of potentialevaporation using Penman's equation. The calculations include a period of 6 years (1995-200 I). During this period, the yearly precipitation was 6 I 0-1180 mm in the Halmstad area. Itwas concluded that the total storage of leachate in the landfill and in the ponds increased withtime. If increasing tendency will proceed then the amount of leachate generated might behigher during the next years and similar to results found in the literature. There is a need forthe more physical based model, the Hydrologic Evaluation of Landfill Performance (HELP)model, for calculation in order to take into account the top cover soils and vegetationinfluence.

Perbandingan Laju Lindi Landfill Kelas I dan II untuk Limbah NORM dari Industri Minyak dan Gas Bumi Menggunakan Model Hydrologic Evaluation of Landfill Performance (HELP)

In the process of oil and gas production, it can produce large amounts of Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (NORM) with increased radioactivity as by-products. NORM disposal methods currently used in the oil & gas industry are landfills, land-spreading, surface burial, underground injection, off-shore discharge. The biggest threat to groundwater caused by landfills is leachate. This study is a comparison of the leachate rates of Class I and Class II Landfill results using the Hydrologic Evaluation of Landfill Performance (HELP) modeling software developed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). For the operational phase, there were significant differences in leachate rate from the base layer between Class I and Class II landfills. For the phase after closure of waste, Class I and Class II landfills have the same performance in terms of holding back the rate of leachate. ABSTRAKDalam proses produksi minyak dan gas dapat menghasilkan sejumlah besar Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (NORM) dengan konsentrasi radioaktivitas yang meningkat sebagai limbah hasil samping. Metode pembuangan NORM yang saat ini digunakan dalam industri minyak & gas adalah landfill, land-spreading, surface burial, underground injection, off-shore discharge. Ancaman terbesar terhadap air tanah yang ditimbulkan oleh landfill adalah air lindi. Pada penelitian ini akan dilakukan perbandingan laju lindi landfill Kelas I dan Kelas II berdasarkan hasil menggunakan software pemodelan Hydrologic Evaluation of Landfill Performance (HELP) yang dikembangkan oleh United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). Untuk fase operasional ditemukan perbedaan laju lindi dari lapisan dasar yang signifikan antara landfill Kelas I dan Kelas II. Untuk fase setelah penutupan limbah, landfill kelas I dan kelas II memiliki kinerja yang sama dalam hal menahan laju produksi air lindi.Kata kunci : NORM; landfill; lindi; HELP

Hydrologic Evaluation of TRMM and GPM IMERG Satellite-based Precipitation in a Humid Basin of China

Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission (TRMM) is one of the most popular global high resolution satellite-based precipitation products with a goal of measuring precipitation over the oceans and tropics. However, in recent years, the TRMM mission has come to an end. Its successor, Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission was launched to measure the earth's precipitation structure, with an aim to improve upon the TRMM project. Both of the precipitation products have their own strengths and weaknesses in resolution, accuracy, and availability. The aim of this study is to evaluate the hydrologic utilization of the TRMM and GPM products in a humid basin of China. The main findings of this study can be summarized as follows: (1) 3B42V7 generally outperforms 3B42V6 in terms of hydrologic performance. Meanwhile, 3B42RTV7 significantly outperforms 3B42RTV6, and showed close performance with the bias-adjusted TRMM Multi-satellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA) products. (2) The GPM showed better agreement with gauge observation than the TMPA products with lower RB and higher correlation coefficient (CC) values at different time scales. (3) The VIC hydrological model generally outperformed the XAJ hydrological model with lower RB, higher Nash–Sutcliffe Coefficient of Efficiency (NSCE) and CC values; though the 3B42RTV6 and 3B42RTV7 showed higher CC values in simulating the streamflow hydrograph by using the VIC and XAJ hydrological models. It can be found that the conceptual hydrological model was enough for the hydrologic evaluation of TRMM and GPM IMERG satellite-based precipitation in a humid basin of China. This study provides a reference for the comparison of multiple models on watershed scale.