DOCUMENTATION OF TRADITIONAL HOUSING IN MAYANGNA COMMUNITIES. BOSAWÁS BIOSPHERE RESERVE, NICARAGUA

The Mayangna ethnic community populate the UNESCO Bosawás Biosphere Reserve in the north of Nicaragua, in the North Caribbean Coast Autonomous Region. During the volunteer program developed by the School of Architecture at the University of Malaga, Spain in the summer of 2019, the architecture of a traditional Mayangna house in Santa María (Bonanza municipal term) was documented. Documentation and digital reconstruction of this typology is still inadequate and this is considered a crucial task given that many of these traditional buildings are at risk of disappearing, as the comparison with more recent buildings in Sakalwas (Bonanza) shows. The paper describes, focusing on a typological and construction analysis, the original houses and the domestic culture of this community, characterized by the use of pressed bamboo for the external walls and Suita palm leaves for the roofs. Other characteristics are the lack of internal distribution and the use of piles to elevate the single roof from the ground. A slow process of transformation has been detected, leading to increased environmental costs and less effective solutions for combating tropical climatology and heavy raining periods. Finally, we discuss how the active protection of the Biosphere Reserve should be compatible with the preservation of traditional houses, for a more socially and environmentally sustainable future.

TIPOS DE ENRAIZADORES EN VARETAS DE (THEOBROMA CACAO), COMUNIDAD CARAO. SIUNA, 2011

La presente investigación se realizó en la comunidad Carao-Hormiguero, Siuna, Región Autónoma del Atlántico Norte (RAAN), ubicada en la zona núcleo de la reserva de biosfera BOSAWAS, con el propósito de evaluar la eficacia del proroot y ácido húmico en el enraizamiento en varetas de cacao. El estudio fue experimental, transversal y prospectivo. La metodología basada en el Diseño Completamente al Azar (DCA) con tratamientos de ácido húmico, proroot y testigo en un período de 40 días (20 de septiembre al 30 de octubre). Se utilizaron 180 varetas en 3 tratamientos con 3 réplicas de 60 varetas, 20 por bancal. Con el enraizador ácido húmico se obtuvo un prendimiento de 40% (24), con Proroot, 68.33% (41) y testigo, 11.66% (7). En general se logró un 40% de prendimiento (72 varetas). La inversión durante la investigación fue de C$ 2,548.60.(C$ 35.39 por vareta). El tratamiento que dio resultados aceptables fue el proroot, del que se obtiene una ganancia neta de C$ 388.80.SummaryThis research was carried out in the Carao Hormiguero community, municipality of Siuna, RAAN, which is located in the center of the Bosawas biosphere reserve, in order to evaluate the effectiveness of ProRoot and the humic acid on the rooting in cacao branches. The research was experimental, transverse and prospective. The methodology was based on a completely randomized design (DCA) with humic acid treatments, ProRoot and control in a period of 40 days (September 20 to October 30). 180 branches were used in 3 treatments with 3 replications of 60 branches, 20 by plots. With the rooting humic acid 40% (24) of capture was obtained, with ProRoot, 68.33% (41) and control, 11.66% (7). In general 40% of capture was achieved (72 branches). The investment during the investigation was of C$ 2,548.60 (C$ 35.39 per branch). The treatment that gave acceptable results was ProRoot, of which a net profit of C$ 388.80 is obtained.