Crime and corruption prevention objects

Under today’s conditions, humanity and all social and state formations, including Ukraine, as part of the world order, is experiencing many changes: we are in a radically new political, economic, spiritual and ideological situation compared to the end of the twentieth century; its main features are socio-economic stagnation, political, cultural, educational and moral-psychological uncertainty, activation of old and the emergence of new stressors at the level of both individual and group (and even mass) consciousness. The complexity and contradictions of socio-economic and political development of our country necessitate the theoretical understanding and development of scientifically sound tools with which to make more effective the process of social interaction, non-criminogenic development of society, crime prevention and counteraction. Without theoretical knowledge that directly serves a specific state-building practice, it is impossible to fulfill a strategic task - to build a democratic state and civil society in Ukraine. Scientists rightly point out that the current criminal situation is characterized by new types of crime, dynamism of development, unpredictability of changes, spread of organized forms and professionalism and the inability of the state to resist corruption necessitates the effectiveness of the fight against crime. The purpose of this article is to study the objects of crime and corruption prevention, to determine their essential characteristics and to separate them from other objects of social reality. The methodological basis of the work is the dialectical method, the application of which allows to study the object and subject of research in their epistemological unity, relationship, as well as differences. The technique used in writing the article consists of several basic methods of scientific knowledge. Using the historical method, historical and general theoretical questions of the essence of the object of crime prevention and corruption are clarified. The use of methods of analysis and synthesis made it possible to separate the objects of prevention from other objects of social reality - this was also facilitated by the use of the structural-functional method. These methods also allowed to investigate the theoretical views on the nature and elements of the object of crime and corruption prevention. The logical-semantic method was used to determine the relationships and mutual influences of crime prevention and corruption objects with other objects. Scientific abstraction and generalization of scientific and theoretical information as a process of establishing general properties and signs, allowed to reach and formulate final conclusions on the subject of research. Based on the considerations set out in the article, it can be noted that the objects of preventive influence on the prevention of crime and corruption are negative phenomena and processes of reality of material or spiritual nature, which lead to causes and conditions conducive to crime. This should keep in mind the properties that are common to such objects, namely: criminogenicity; dynamism; potentiality; latency. Separate objects are objects of victimological influence. Information sources of various origins are covered, which testify to the origins of mass, group, individual victimization and the presence of dangerous victimhood at these levels, to which the theory and practice of victimological crime prevention are directed. , and the special objects of victimological prevention are social and psychological factors of victimization and victimhood as objects of preventive victimological influence at the individual level. Specific objects are the objects of influence in the prevention of corruption, which include: corruption-causing factors; corruption risks in the activities of public authorities, local governments, legal entities of public and private law and their officials; illegal behavior of officials and officials of public authorities and local governments. Thus, a deep and comprehensive knowledge of the nature of criminogenic objects, their scientific, historical and epistemological research will serve as a basis for understanding the danger of this social phenomenon and finding appropriate effective methods, tools and measures to influence it. The state must prevent crime by influencing certain criminogenic objects, which in essence will be the object of crime and corruption prevention at various levels of preventive activities – general social, special criminological, individual, as well as in the implementation of victim prevention measures

FEATURES OF THE QUALIFICATION OF CRIMES IN THE FIELD OF ECONOMICS BY OBJECT OF CRIME

The concept of the object of crime is central to the theory of criminal law, while its content has been at the forefront of scientific debate for more than a century. The problem is that this category is multifaceted and has various aspects: philosophical, axiological, social and legal. In order to determine the content of this concept in the modern doctrine of criminal law, the author sets the task to identify the essence of the object of the crime as a social and legal phenomenon, to delimit its concept from another, similar in meaning to the concept of the object of criminal law protection and to clarify the meaning of the scientific term “object of crime”. KEY WORDS: object of crime, act, corpus delicti, signs of corpus delicti.

The main problems of operational-search counteraction to bribery in Russia (based on the example of the practice materials in the Komi Republic)

The work is carried out on the basis of special methods of knowledge, including historical-legal, logical, formal-legal. In the article, taking into account scientific sources and practical experience, the legal problems of operative-search counteraction to crimes provided for in Article 290-291.2 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation are considered. The analysis of bribery is realized jointly, because there are identical characteristics in all its corpus delicties – the same subject and object of crime. The existing norms of criminal and criminal procedure laws in relation to bribery are analyzed. Principal operative-search measures used in documentation of bribery are determined. They are surveillance and operational experiment. Their difference is justified and successful use examples are examined. An actual statistics of the Komi Republic for 2015-2018 is given. The lack of normative securing for interaction between operational subdivisions and preliminary investigation body is ascertained. Based on personal practical experience some measures to counteract bribery are proposed.