Raske drenge og syge piger

This article analyzes how the two figures ‘healthy boy’ and ‘invalid girl’ are negotiated visually at the end of the nineteenth century and how the idea of being healthy or the opposite relates to these two figures. The center of the analysis are illustrations of invalid girls and healthy boys printed in the Scandinavian periodical Nordisk Illustreret Børneblad. The article pays attention to how the two figures are portrayed and examine which images of health and illness, parents and their children were presented to. The argument is that there is a close connection between the visual idea of the invalid girl and the healthy boy and the popular medical literature in the period, and that the idea of the invalid girl was being communicated not only in the paintings of the period but also as reproductions e.g. in children’s periodicals and thereby reached a larger audience.

Comics and Translation with a Multimodal Perspective in the Early Republican Era

Comics has a “hybrid” interaction emerging from the “interplay” between pictorial and textual elements. However; many studies on comics translation focus on texts but disregarding pictures. Analyses performed by focusing on textual elements disregard pictorial and textual interactions, which is a kind of regression of the multimodal aspect of comics. One of the aims of this article is to treat comics on its own autonomy since comics is generally considered as a tool of other research areas. The present study investigates the functions of pictures and texts in the context of “pictorial turn” by keeping multimodal approach in perspective. Translated comics to be analysed are the first translated comic strips into Turkish after the alphabet reform. The very first concealed translations of comics during the Early Republican Era are analysed with a multimodal perspective considering historical context as well as cross-media interactions of pictures and texts. As the first Turkish translations of comics were published in children’s periodicals in the early Republican era, this article practices on multiple layers such as transformation of media, culture planning, and manipulation.

Cariсature as a Source of the Soviet Childhood History (Based on the “Pionerskaya Pravda” Newspaper in the Second Half of the 1920s)

This paper deals with the phenomenon of newspaper caricature and its influence on the life of Soviet children. Caricatures were widely used by the Soviet authorities as a means of official propaganda, in children’s periodicals as well. For children, they were employed to create an image of the “standardized” Soviet child, through cartooning and criticism of antipodes. The analysis of caricatures from the pages of the “Pionerskaya Pravda” newspaper dating back to the second half of the 1920s revealed the ways by which various archetypes developed in the satirical ideological images. Their strong impact on children was demonstrated. The caricatures for young readers of “Pionerskaya Pravda” were considered as a creolized text (binary – verbal–non-verbal) with categorical, simplified, political, and educational purposes. A classification of caricature images based on their genre and content was developed. The value of newspaper caricatures as a source for reconstruction of children’s “sovetization” in the USSR during the second half of the 1920s was discussed.