EFEITOS SOCIOAMBIENTAIS DA HIDRELÉTRICA DE TUCURUÍ EM AÇAIZAL, BAIÃO-PA: violação de direitos, conflitos e recomposição territorial

SOCIO-ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF THE TUCURUÍ HYDROELECTRIC PLANT IN AÇAIZAL, BAIÃO-PA: violation of rights, conflicts and territorial recompositionIMPACTS SOCIO-ENVIRONNEMENTAUX DU BARRAGE DE TUCURUÍ À AÇAIZAL, BAIÃO-PA: violation des droits, conflits et recomposition territorialeRESUMOObjetiva-se demonstrar como os efeitos decorrentes da construção da Usina Hidrelétrica de Tucuruí incidem sobre o modo de vida ribeirinho, em uma comunidade de pescadores estabelecidos à jusante da barragem, no município de Baião-PA. Os pescadores exprimem, à sua maneira, a necessidade de reparação dos direitos que vêm sendo violados pela ação da Hidrelétrica. Com base no método compreensivo foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas e reuniões para o diálogo crítico com os pescadores. Conclui-se que os efeitos socioambientais provocados pela construção da barragem incidem diretamente sobre os direitos humanos, instituem conflitos e ameaçam a manutenção dos modos de reprodução dos ribeirinhos, traduzindo-se em processos de desterritorialização e reterritorialização.Palavras-chave: Baixo Tocantins; Pescadores; Flechação; Deslocamento.ABSTRACTThe goal is to demonstrate how the effects of the construction of Tucuruí Hydro Plant focus on riversides livehood, in a community of fishermen established downstream of the dam, in Baião-PA. The fishermen express, by his own way, need to repair violated rights by the Plant activity. By the comprehensive method, we did semi-estructurated enterviews and some meetings to critic dialogue with the fishermen. The conclusion is wich the socio-environment effects from the dam building focus on the human rights, found conflicts and menace the maintenance of the riverside reproduction ways, traducing in the deterritorialization and reterritorialization processes.Keywords: Baixo Tocantins; Fishermen; Flechação; Displacement. RÉSUMÉL'objectif est de démontrer comment les effets résultant de la construction de l'hydroélectrique de Tucuruí affectent le mode de vie riverain, dans une communauté de pêcheurs établie en aval du barrage, dans la municipalité de Baião-PA. Les pêcheurs expriment, à leur manière, la nécessité de réparer les droits qui ont été violés par l'action de l'hydroélectrique. Soutenu par la démarche compréhensive, des entretiens semi-structurés et des réunions ont été organisés pour un dialogue critique avec les pêcheurs. Il est conclu que les effets socio-environnementaux causés par la construction du barrage affectent directement les droits de l'homme, instituent des conflits et menacent le maintien des modes de reproduction riverain, se traduisant par des processus de déterritorialisation et de reterritorialisation.Mots-clés: Baixo Tocantins; Pêcheurs; Flechação; Déplacement.

Semi-liberal constitutionalism

The article examines the conceptual category of semi-liberal constitutionalism and offers some thoughts on the unique normative challenges that arise in the resolution of human rights conflicts in semi-liberal constitutional systems. Under the definition offered a semi-liberal constitutional system is a system that meets two conditions: first, it exhibits a simultaneous dual normative commitment to liberal rights and principles and to other values or interests that result in enduring and significant restrictions on some of these rights; second, this dual normative commitment is constitutive and is expressed in the basic elements of the system. Describing the problem of shaping and interpreting normative commitments in a semi-liberal constitutional regime, the article argues that an insufficient understanding of semi-liberal normativity may result in skewed reasoning by both courts and policymakers trying to resolve human rights conflicts in semi-liberal constitutional regimes, because the application of liberal rights reasoning in semi-liberal settings neglects the power differentials inherent in such systems and tends to overprotect the rights of some at the expense of the rights of others. Offering Israel as an example of a semi-liberal constitutional system and using one aspect of its semi-liberal nature – the structure of its religion–state relations and specifically of its religious personal laws – the article analyses three decisions of the Israeli Supreme Court, pointing to the special difficulties arising in such settings and offering critiques and corrections to the Court’s rulings where applicable.