THE RISK OF POVERTY OF HOUSEHOLDS WITH PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES

The article aims at analysing available statistical data on the poverty risk of households of people with disabilities. The analyses indicate that incomes in households of people with disabilities is largely dependent on social transfers and its dynamics is much lower than in households of people without disabilities. The income level largely protects against extreme poverty, but the exposure to re7lative poverty has been increasing steadily over the last decade. Comparing the structure of expenditure in households of people with and without disabilities, a higher level of expenditure on health-related needs is observed. This is a rationale for a higher threshold of access to family benefits for these households.

ABOUT THE RATIO OF EXPENDITURES AND BUDGET EXPENSES OF THE SUBJECT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

Objective: to assess the structure of expenditure obligations of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation in conjunction with the dynamics of regional budget expenditures. Methodology: grouping of expenditure obligations with the allocation of their own competence, powers of joint management and delegated powers; establishing correspondence between groups of expenditure obligations and sections of the functional classification of expenses. Results: in the structure of expenditure obligations of the Orenburg region, more than 60% are the powers of joint management; there is a narrowing of the scope of joint jurisdiction and expansion of the own competence of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation (for the period 2016-2020, the ratio changed from 62% / 32% to 59% / 34%). Delegation of authority is about 6% annually; in 2016-2018, this volume decreased by 5%, but in 2019-2020, an annual increase of 30% is planned. The insufficiently correct assignment of some expenditure obligations to a certain group was revealed. No direct link has been established between the register of expenditure obligations and the forms of budget reporting. Due to the incomplete correlation of the amounts of expenditure obligations with the sections of the functional classification, the reliability of information on the structure of budget expenditures decreases. Scientific novelty: the author proposed to use common approaches to grouping expenditure obligations, to establish links between the register of expenditure obligations and forms of budget reporting for the correct correlation of expenditure obligations with budget expenditures, as well as with sources of financial support. Practical significance: the main conclusions and proposals can be used in the budgetary activities of the authorities to improve the quality of planning budget expenditures and fulfillment of expenditure obligations of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation.

REGIONAL DIVERSIFICATION OF FUNDS UNDER THE 2007–2013 LEADER APPROACH TO RURAL DEVELOPMENT IN POLAND

This study addresses the rural development of Polandand is a part of a research evaluating the use of financialresources which are available within the framework ofEU policy and may represent important development factors.The 2007–2013 Leader approach was presented as a financialinstrument that supports change in rural areas. The purposeof this paper was to specify the amount of funds spent in specificPolish regions under axis 4 (Leader) of the 2007–2013Rural Development Program. The study relied on data of theAgency for Restructuring and Modernization of Agriculture,provided by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Developmentas at December 31, 2015. Polish voivodeships werefound to differ in the amount and structure of expenditure underparticular Leader measures. The regions allocated mostof the funds to the renewal and development of rural areas,while the smallest amounts were spent on designing the labormarket. The amount of expenditure was mainly determinedby the area and population of the regions and by the numberof local action groups. Other relevant factors included the activityof different actors such as municipalities, associations,entrepreneurs, residents and their traditional cooperation patternsin rural areas.Keywords: 2007–2013

Comparison of Changes in Living Standards of Poland’S Population Across Different Classes of Location Over The Years 2000–2011

The goal of this article is to verify the hypothesis that from 2000 to 2011 the discrepancies between material living standards in the countryside and cities of different sizes blurred in Poland year by year. On the basis of the research conducted it has been determined that over the first decade of the 21st century the discrepancy between the living standards in Poland’s rural and urban areas decreased in terms of the amount and structure of expenditure per capita, volume of quantitative consumption, housing conditions and household equipment including durable goods. This conclusion has been drawn because the level of examined variables, both in the countryside and cities or towns of different sizes over the years 2000–2011, approached in most cases the level observed for the whole country.

Wpływ wielkości nakładów inwestycyjnych w sektorze B+R na regionalne zróżnicowanie tempa rozwoju Francji

The following article refers to the relationship between the rate of economic development anda share of a section related to the services for companies in France. The text discusses twoproblems: the influence of the size of investment in innovation on the GDP growth in regionalsystem of France and the influence of the structure of expenditure in R&D section on theregional differentiation of development rate of France. The analysis is based on the value ofGDP per person employed and the size of investment in innovation in the years 1991–2004.The analysis of numeral data is based on statistical methods by means of correlation and timeseries. The analysis proves that there is a relationship between the investment in education andgrowth rate of GDP. According to OECD report, the influence of innovation on economicgrowth rate can be tenfold. Capital expenditures in innovation in higher education seem to bethe best investment influencing the GDP increase. It should be emphasized that all thementioned regularities are characterized by a large regional differentiation all over the France