Reformasi Administrasi di Korea Selatan: Sebuah Pembelajaran Kesuksesan

This research examined the strategy and process of administrative reform in South Korea. The method was using a descriptive qualitative approach with analysis of literature study from secondary data. The results showed that there were six strategies in South Korea administrative reform, i.e.: (1) downsizing; (2) deregulations; (3) reorganization; (4) administrative efficacy; (5) debureaucratization; and (6) decentralization. Downsizing was applied to shrink government institutions in every regime. Deregulations was applied through business privatization and economic liberalization to escape from economic crisis. Reorganization was applied by merging several government institutions to improve the communication process and public service. Administrative efficacy was applied through utilizing and improving e-government in public service. Debureaucratization was applied toward civil servants to promote professional and competent bureaucrats. Decentralization was applied to shorten the decision making process and create contextual local-government policy.

Parties and American Administration

Public administration has long defined itself in distinction to politics. Reprising Weber and Goodnow’s view that public bureaucracies and parties are the two dominant organizational forms in modern politics, this essay argues that the more relevant distinction is between administration and parties: in a representative democracy, parties are administration’s inevitable rival. Important aspects of American institutional and administrative design sought to curb partisan influence over administration, but with necessarily temporary and partial success. Today, partisanship hinders administrative efficacy and is driving contraction of administrative capacity. More significantly, partisans have learned to use the forms of administration to pursue ideological goals inimical to core public administrative values of efficiency and equity. It is now urgent for public administration, despite a reasonable aversion to discussing partisanship, to confront the intense, ongoing partisan challenge to the working of American administrative institutions.

Basic Administrative Processes

Chapter 17 reviews various related but separable core administrative functions associated with the VAT: registration, filing, payment/collection, enforcement, and audit. It concludes with a brief note on fraud. How well these functions are performed will determine the VAT’s economic effects, its burden distribution, and its administrative efficacy (in terms of collection and compliance costs per unit of revenue). The discussion highlights the key issues and outlines some best practices. Last but not least, measures aimed at uncovering and prosecuting VAT fraud should be balanced by measures aimed at assisting honest taxpayers to meet their tax obligations and fast-tracking refunds to taxpayers with a good compliance record. Importantly, interest at commercial rates should be paid on late refunds.

Ideology and Organization in the Qing Empire

This article considers an essay on provincial government written by the Yongzheng Emperor of China shortly after his ascension to the throne in 1723. The essay treats provincial governors’ role in personnel, financial and military matters and the problems of China’s southwest. It reflects the emperor’s dissatisfaction with policies in each of these areas, which were all to be the focus of reforming efforts during his reign. But perhaps more important, it expresses the Emperor’s new concern with the value of administrative efficacy. The essay argues that this was a fundamental innovation in the political theology of the Chinese state. Although practical ideas for reform often came from governors themselves, who were closer to the problems than the Emperor and more familiar with the details of solution, imperial leadership created a climate in which reform ideas would be welcomed and implemented.