Waters Transfer Laws and its Discrepancies, a Brief Overview in Some Neighbouring Countries, Including Discussion on Malaysia-Singapore

brief overview of a few neighbouring countries which have different legal regimes in water laws and conflicts. There were water transfer conflicting rules in some countries as against water as a right. The clash between environmental are human rights, constrains of market perspective are also discussed. The first part discussed about the codification of water laws as a right or privilege and products containing water, such as agricultural produce are subjected to trade disciplines and trade barriers. In the case of bulk transfers of fresh water, private contractual remedies and negotiations between the parties or remedies available in public international law were reviewed, rather than the remedies provided for in trade agreements disputes such as in NAFTA. The latter part discussed about GATS and remedies in public international laws pertaining to water ownership and water transfer laws.

Deadline-guaranteed Point-to-Multipoint Bulk Transfers in Inter-Datacenter Networks

Many modern cloud services are operated across geographically distributed datacenters, and they are usually associated with a demand of transferring bulk data among datacenters for achieving a high performance and reliability. These transfers (e.g., data replications and synchronizations) may require the inter-datacenter networks to deliver data from one Point (or datacenter) to Multiple Points (or datacenters) and impose a deadline on the transfer for providing a guaranteed service to end users. However, very little work has been done to manage an efficient point-to- multipoint bulk transfer while considering the deadline requirements. In this paper, we investigate the deadline- aware point-to-multipoint (P2MP) transfer problem and propose a centralized deAdline- Guaranteed transfEr (AGE) approach that can guarantee the deadline for P2MP transfers while efficiently utilizing the inter-datacenter bandwidth resources. For each arriving request, AGE jointly determines the transfer source selections and bandwidth allocations such that the number of deadline-guaranteed transfers can be maximized. Our simulation experiments show that AGE can accommodate up to 53.3% more transfers whose deadline requirements are met. In addition, AGE can achieve 20% higher network utilization than prior bulk transfer approaches.