English Article Style Recognition and Matching by Using Web Semantics

With the explosion of internet information, people feel helpless and difficult to choose in the face of massive information. However, the traditional method to organize a huge set of original documents is not only time-consuming and laborious, but also not ideal. The automatic text classification can liberate users from the tedious document processing work, recognize and distinguish different document contents more conveniently, make a large number of complicated documents institutionalized and systematized, and greatly improve the utilization rate of information. This paper adopts termed-based model to extract the features in web semantics to represent document. The extracted web semantics features are used to learn a reduced support vector machine. The experimental results show that the proposed method can correctly identify most of the writing styles.

Theme Identification using Machine Learning Techniques

With the abundance of online research platforms, much information presented in PDF files, such as articles and journals, can be obtained easily. In this case, students completing research projects would have many downloaded PDF articles on their laptops. However, identifying the target articles manually within the collection can be tiring as most articles consist of several pages that need to be analyzed. Reading each article to determine if the article relates theme and organizing the articles based on themes is time and energy-consuming. Referring to this problem, a PDF files organizer that implemented a theme identifier is necessary. Thus, work will focus on automatic text classification using the machine learning methods to build a theme identifier employed in the PDF files organizer to classify articles into augmented reality and machine learning. A total of 1000 text documents for both themes were used to build the classification model. Moreover, the pre-preprocessing step for data cleaning and TF-IDF feature extraction for text vectorization and to reduce sparse vectors were performed. 80% of the dataset were used for training, and the remaining were used to validate the trained models. The classification models proposed in this work are Linear SVM and Multinomial Naïve Bayes. The accuracy of the models was evaluated using a confusion matrix. For the Linear SVM model, grid-search optimization was performed to determine the optimal value of the Cost parameter.

Stroke Outcome Measurements From Electronic Medical Records: Cross-sectional Study on the Effectiveness of Neural and Nonneural Classifiers

Background With the rapid adoption of electronic medical records (EMRs), there is an ever-increasing opportunity to collect data and extract knowledge from EMRs to support patient-centered stroke management. Objective This study aims to compare the effectiveness of state-of-the-art automatic text classification methods in classifying data to support the prediction of clinical patient outcomes and the extraction of patient characteristics from EMRs. Methods Our study addressed the computational problems of information extraction and automatic text classification. We identified essential tasks to be considered in an ischemic stroke value-based program. The 30 selected tasks were classified (manually labeled by specialists) according to the following value agenda: tier 1 (achieved health care status), tier 2 (recovery process), care related (clinical management and risk scores), and baseline characteristics. The analyzed data set was retrospectively extracted from the EMRs of patients with stroke from a private Brazilian hospital between 2018 and 2019. A total of 44,206 sentences from free-text medical records in Portuguese were used to train and develop 10 supervised computational machine learning methods, including state-of-the-art neural and nonneural methods, along with ontological rules. As an experimental protocol, we used a 5-fold cross-validation procedure repeated 6 times, along with subject-wise sampling. A heatmap was used to display comparative result analyses according to the best algorithmic effectiveness (F1 score), supported by statistical significance tests. A feature importance analysis was conducted to provide insights into the results. Results The top-performing models were support vector machines trained with lexical and semantic textual features, showing the importance of dealing with noise in EMR textual representations. The support vector machine models produced statistically superior results in 71% (17/24) of tasks, with an F1 score >80% regarding care-related tasks (patient treatment location, fall risk, thrombolytic therapy, and pressure ulcer risk), the process of recovery (ability to feed orally or ambulate and communicate), health care status achieved (mortality), and baseline characteristics (diabetes, obesity, dyslipidemia, and smoking status). Neural methods were largely outperformed by more traditional nonneural methods, given the characteristics of the data set. Ontological rules were also effective in tasks such as baseline characteristics (alcoholism, atrial fibrillation, and coronary artery disease) and the Rankin scale. The complementarity in effectiveness among models suggests that a combination of models could enhance the results and cover more tasks in the future. Conclusions Advances in information technology capacity are essential for scalability and agility in measuring health status outcomes. This study allowed us to measure effectiveness and identify opportunities for automating the classification of outcomes of specific tasks related to clinical conditions of stroke victims, and thus ultimately assess the possibility of proactively using these machine learning techniques in real-world situations.

Text Classification in Law Area: a Systematic Review

Automatic Text Classification represents a great improvement in law area workflow, mainly in the migration of physical to electronic lawsuits. A systematic review of studies on text classification in law area from January 2017 up to February 2020 was conducted. The search strategy identified 20 studies, that were analyzed and compared. The review investigates from research questions: what are the state-of-art language models, its application of text classification in English and Brazilian Portuguese datasets from legal area, if there are available language models trained on Brazilian Portuguese, and datasets in Brazilian law area. It concludes that there are applications of automatic text classification in Brazil, although there is a gap on the use of language models when compared with English language dataset studies, also the importance of language model in domain pre-training to improve results, as well as there are two studies making available Brazilian Portuguese language models, and one introducing a dataset in Brazilian law area.

ONLINE NEWS CLASSIFICATION USING MACHINE LEARNING TECHNIQUES

A massive rise in web-based online content today pushes businesses to implement new approaches and resources that might support better navigation, processing, and handling of high-dimensional data. Over the Internet, 90% of the data is unstructured, and there are several approaches through which this data can translate into useful, structured data—classification is one such approach. Classification of knowledge into a good collection of groups is significant and necessary. As the number of machine-readable documents proliferates, automatic text classification is badly needed to classify these documents. Unlabeled documents are categorized into predefined classes of labeled documents using text labeling, a supervised learning technique. This paper reviewed some existing approaches for classifying online news articles and discusses a framework for the automatic classification of online news articles. For achieving high accuracy, different classifiers were tried. Our experimental method achieved 93% accuracy using a Bayesian classifier and present in terms of confusion metrics. ABSTRAK: Peningkatan tinggi pada masa kini pada maklumat dalam talian berasaskan web menyebabkan kaedah baru dalam bisnes telah diguna pakai dan sumber sokongan seperti navigasi, proses, dan pengurusan data berdimensi-tinggi adalah perlu. 90% data di internet adalah data tidak berstruktur, dan terdapat pelbagai kaedah data ini dapat diterjemahkan kepada data berguna, lebih berstruktur — iaitu melalui kaedah klasifikasi. Klasifikasi ilmu kepada koleksi kumpulan baik adalah penting dan perlu. Seperti mana mesin-boleh baca dokumen berkembang pesat, teks klasifikasi automatik juga sangat diperlukan bagi mengklasifikasi dokumen-dokumen ini. Dokumen yang tidak dilabel dikategori sebagai pengelasan pratakrif dokumen berlabel melalui teks label, iaitu teknik pembelajaran berpenyelia. Kajian ini mengkaji semula pendekatan sedia ada bagi artikel berita dalam talian dan membincangkan rangka kerja bagi pengelasan automatik artikel berita dalam talian. Bagi menghasilkan ketepatan yang tinggi, kami menggunakan pelbagai alat klasifikasi. Kaedah eksperimen ini mempunyai ketepatan 93% menggunakan pengelas Bayesian dan data dibentangkan berdasarkan matriks kekeliruan.

A new model for automatic text classification

In this paper, a new method for automatic classification of texts is presented. This system includes two phases; text processing and text categorization. In the first phase, various indexing criteria such as bigram, trigram and quad-gram are presented to extract the properties. Then, in the second phase, the W-SMO machine learning algorithm is used to train the system. In order to evaluate and compare the results of the two criteria of accuracy and readability, Macro-F1 and Micro-F1 have been calculated for different indexing methods. The results of experiments performed on 7676 standard text documents of Reuters showed that our proposed method has the best performance compared to the W-j48, Naïve Bayes, K-NN and Decision Tree algorithms.

Genre annotation for the Web

This paper describes a digital curation study aimed at comparing the composition of large Web corpora, such as enTenTen, ukWac or ruWac, by means of automatic text classification. First, the paper presents a Deep Learning model suitable for classifying texts from large Web corpora using a small number of communicative functions, such as Argumentation or Reporting. Second, it describes the results of applying the automatic classification model to these corpora and compares their composition. Finally, the paper introduces a framework for interpreting the results of automatic genre classification using linguistic features. The framework can help in comparing general reference corpora obtained from the Web and in comparing corpora across languages.

Sounds like meritocracy to my ears: Exploring the link between inequality in popular music and private culture

Economic inequality is on the rise in Western societies and ‘meritocracy’ remains a widespread narrative used to justify it. An emerging literature has documented the impact of meritocratic narratives in media, mostly focusing on newspapers. In this paper, we study music as a potential source of cultural frames about economic inequality. We construct an original dataset combining user data from Spotify with lyrics from Genius to inductively explore whether popular music features themes of economic inequality. In order to do so, we employ unsupervised computational text analysis to classify the content of the 3,660 most popular songs across 23 European countries. Informed by Lizardo’s enculturation framework, we study popular music lyrics through the lens of public culture and explore its links with individual beliefs about inequality as a reflection of private culture. We find that, in more unequal societies, songs that frame inequalities as a structural issue (songs about “Struggle” or omnipresent “Risks”) are more popular than those adopting a meritocratic frame (songs we describe as “Bragging Rights” or those telling a “Rags to Riches” tale). Moreover, we find that the presence in public culture of a certain frame is associated with the expression of frame-consistent individual beliefs about inequality (private culture). We conclude by offering reflections on the promise of automatic text classification for the study of music lyrics, the theorized role of popular music in the study of culture, and by proposing venues for future research.

Stroke Outcome Measurements From Electronic Medical Records: Cross-sectional Study on the Effectiveness of Neural and Nonneural Classifiers (Preprint)

BACKGROUND With the rapid adoption of electronic medical records (EMRs), there is an ever-increasing opportunity to collect data and extract knowledge from EMRs to support patient-centered stroke management. OBJECTIVE This study aims to compare the effectiveness of state-of-the-art automatic text classification methods in classifying data to support the prediction of clinical patient outcomes and the extraction of patient characteristics from EMRs. METHODS Our study addressed the computational problems of information extraction and automatic text classification. We identified essential tasks to be considered in an ischemic stroke value-based program. The 30 selected tasks were classified (manually labeled by specialists) according to the following value agenda: tier 1 (achieved health care status), tier 2 (recovery process), care related (clinical management and risk scores), and baseline characteristics. The analyzed data set was retrospectively extracted from the EMRs of patients with stroke from a private Brazilian hospital between 2018 and 2019. A total of 44,206 sentences from free-text medical records in Portuguese were used to train and develop 10 supervised computational machine learning methods, including state-of-the-art neural and nonneural methods, along with ontological rules. As an experimental protocol, we used a 5-fold cross-validation procedure repeated 6 times, along with <i>subject-wise sampling</i>. A heatmap was used to display comparative result analyses according to the best algorithmic effectiveness (F1 score), supported by statistical significance tests. A feature importance analysis was conducted to provide insights into the results. RESULTS The top-performing models were support vector machines trained with lexical and semantic textual features, showing the importance of dealing with noise in EMR textual representations. The support vector machine models produced statistically superior results in 71% (17/24) of tasks, with an F1 score &gt;80% regarding care-related tasks (patient treatment location, fall risk, thrombolytic therapy, and pressure ulcer risk), the process of recovery (ability to feed orally or ambulate and communicate), health care status achieved (mortality), and baseline characteristics (diabetes, obesity, dyslipidemia, and smoking status). Neural methods were largely outperformed by more traditional nonneural methods, given the characteristics of the data set. Ontological rules were also effective in tasks such as baseline characteristics (alcoholism, atrial fibrillation, and coronary artery disease) and the Rankin scale. The complementarity in effectiveness among models suggests that a combination of models could enhance the results and cover more tasks in the future. CONCLUSIONS Advances in information technology capacity are essential for scalability and agility in measuring health status outcomes. This study allowed us to measure effectiveness and identify opportunities for automating the classification of outcomes of specific tasks related to clinical conditions of stroke victims, and thus ultimately assess the possibility of proactively using these machine learning techniques in real-world situations.

Hybrid Feature Selection for Amharic News Document Classification

Today, the amount of Amharic digital documents has grown rapidly. Because of this, automatic text classification is extremely important. Proper selection of features has a crucial role in the accuracy of classification and computational time. When the initial feature set is considerably larger, it is important to pick the right features. In this paper, we present a hybrid feature selection method, called IGCHIDF, which consists of information gain (IG), chi-square (CHI), and document frequency (DF) features’ selection methods. We evaluate the proposed feature selection method on two datasets: dataset 1 containing 9 news categories and dataset 2 containing 13 news categories. Our experimental results showed that the proposed method performs better than other methods on both datasets 1and 2. The IGCHIDF method’s classification accuracy is up to 3.96% higher than the IG method, up to 11.16% higher than CHI, and 7.3% higher than DF on dataset 2, respectively.