Análise da prática de telessaúde em terapia ocupacional em um hospital universitário cardiológico/Analysis of the telehealth practice in occupational therapy in a university cardiological hospital

Contextualização: Este relato tem como objetivo descrever o planejamento e os procedimentos adotados para a estruturação da prática da Terapia Ocupacional em Telessaúde com pacientes cardiopatas. Processo de intervenção: A atuação do terapeuta ocupacional na cardiologia busca planejar, prevenir e tratar as disfunções ocupacionais relacionadas às doenças cardiovasculares e que podem levar a deficiências, incapacidades e desvantagem social. Análise crítica da prática: O telemonitoramento em Terapia Ocupacional com estes pacientes está fundamentado no Modelo da Ocupação Humana e na abordagem centrada no cliente. Os objetivos chave foram traçados com base na avaliação terapêutica-ocupacional, que considerou interesses e ocupações desses indivíduos.Palavras-chave: Telemonitoramento. Terapia Ocupacional. Hospital Universitário. Cardiologia. AbstractContextualization: This report has the object to discribe the planning and the procedures adopted to structure the practice of Occupational Therapy in telehealth with cardiac patients. Intervention process: The occupational therapist’s performance in cardiology quests planning, preventing and treating the occupational disfunctions related to cardiovasvular diseases, which can lead to deficits, inability and social disadvantage. Practice analysis: The occupational therapy telehealth with these patients are based in the Model of Human Occupation with a client centered approach. The key objectives were planed through occupational therapy’s avaliation, which considered interests and occupations of the individuals.Keywords: Telemonitoring. Occupational Therapy. Universitary Hospital. Cardiology.ResumenContextualización: Este informe tiene como objetivo describir la planificación y los procedimientos adoptados para estructurar la práctica de la terapia ocupacional en telesalud con pacientes cardíacos. Proceso de intervención: El papel del terapeuta ocupacional en cardiología busca planificar, prevenir y tratar los trastornos ocupacionales relacionados con enfermedades cardiovasculares y que pueden conducir a discapacidades, discapacidades y desventajes sociales. Análisis crítico de la práctica: La telemonitorización en la terapia ocupacional con estos pacientes se basa en el modelo de ocupación humana y el enfoque centrado en el cliente. Los objetivos se elaboraron con base en la evaluación terapéutico-ocupacional, que consideró los intereses y ocupaciones de estos individuos.Palabras clave: Telemonitorización. Terapia ocupacional. Hospital Universitario. Cardiología.

A Strengths-Based Cognitive Approach to Enhancing Occupational Performance and Self-Efficacy in Individuals With Schizophrenia

Date Presented 04/19/21 People with schizophrenia have daily living challenges related to impaired cognitive skills and low self-efficacy. This study used the Model of Human Occupation Screening Tool (MOHOST) in a single-case design with multiple baselines (N = 5) to investigate a strengths-based intervention for people with schizophrenia. Visual and statistical analyses yielded a small intervention effect (d = 0.26) and relationships among cognitive variables and MOHOST domains. Participants reported increased self-confidence and occupational engagement. Primary Author and Speaker: Christine A. Linkie Additional Authors and Speakers: Karen Ratcliff, Ickpyo Hong

The experience of type 2 diabetes: Application of the Model of Human Occupation

Introduction Integrating type 2 diabetes (T2DM) self-care behaviors into daily life is complex and poorly understood. Occupational therapists, as experts in life context, habits, roles, and routines, can foster new ways of understanding and promoting daily engagement in T2DM self-care. The Model of Human Occupation (MOHO), a conceptual practice model, may have applicability to better understanding the experience of living with T2DM and engaging in necessary self-care behaviors. Methods We conducted focus group interviews with individuals with T2DM ( n = 10). We applied the MOHO to understand the experience of living with T2DM and engaging in related self-care behaviors. Findings Participants discussed each element of MOHO and how it related to living with and managing type 2 diabetes. Participants identified obtaining skills for self-advocacy with family, individualized/adapted exercise, stable health-promoting environments and routines, and problem-solving skills for disruptions to routine as critical needs for managing T2DM. These intervention strategies are well-aligned with MOHO and occupational therapy practice. Conclusion We found that MOHO was a useful tool for exploring the experience and daily management of T2DM.

Correlações entre a Participação Ocupacional, Independência e Cognição em Adultos com Deficiência Física

RESUMO: A participação ocupacional é uma questão crucial para a atenção à pessoa com deficiência e caracteriza-se pelo grau de participação de uma pessoa em várias ocupações, tais como as de autocuidado, trabalho, escola, lazer, dentre outras. O objetivo deste estudo foi, assim, verificar se a participação ocupacional avaliada pelo Model of Human Occupation Screening Tool (MOHOST Brasil) apresenta correlações com as medidas de independência funcional e de cognição em adultos com deficiências. Foram avaliadas 41 pessoas com deficiência física usando o MOHOST Brasil, a Medida de Independência Funcional (MIF) e o Mini Exame do Estado Mental (MEEM). A subescala motora da MIF apresentou correlação moderada com o fator de habilidades motoras MOHOST (r 0,586 p = 0,001). O item "Linguagem e práxis" do MEEM apresentou correlação moderada com o fator "habilidades de processo" do MOHOST (r 0,573 p = 0,001). As correlações entre o MOHOST e a MIF e entre o MOHOST e o MEEM mostram que há relação entre as dimensões de participação, desempenho e habilidades, confirmando que o MOHOST é útil para avaliar a participação ocupacional de pessoas com deficiências físicas. Conclui-se também que o MOHOST pode fornecer dados que possam contribuir para o planejamento de intervenções que estimulem a participação ocupacional em diferentes papéis no âmbito da Terapia Ocupacional e na sua inferface com a Educação Especial.

Lived experiences in daily life with myalgic encephalomyelitis

Introduction Myalgic encephalomyelitis is a complex systemic condition, causing severe symptoms that limit the quality of life of the people living with it. This study examined changes in life, coping strategies, and the ability to obtain a successful occupational adaptation in people with myalgic encephalomyelitis in Denmark, viewed from the perspective of the model of human occupation. Method In-depth qualitative interviews with seven persons with myalgic encephalomyelitis aged 31–61 years were analysed with qualitative content analysis. Results The participants experienced severe changes in their lives leading to impaired occupational competences which affected their occupational identity and made them lonely. Pacing and environmental changes were the preferred coping strategies in their attempt to adapt to the new circumstances. Conclusion The participants experienced major changes in everyday life with the onset of myalgic encephalomyelitis. Pacing and environmental changes were not sufficient strategies to secure a successful occupational adaptation. Thus, people living with myalgic encephalomyelitis need assistance to enable a successful occupational adaptation and preserve hope. Access to occupational therapy within the Danish programme for people living with myalgic encephalomyelitis may support more effective occupational adaptation in the population.

Evaluating the use of the Model of Human Occupation Screening Tool in mental health services

Introduction While the Model of Human Occupation Screening Tool has undergone psychometric development and testing and is widely used in mental health practice, only a few small-scale studies to date have examined its use in clinical practice. Method A national survey was conducted with United Kingdom occupational therapists working in mental health settings to evaluate the use of the Model of Human Occupation Screening Tool. The survey included the modified version of the Usefulness, Satisfaction, and Ease of Use (USE) questionnaire and two open-ended questions. The latter were coded through inductive content analysis and all responses were analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software. Results n=105 questionnaires were analysed. The Model of Human Occupation Screening Tool was found to be a useful tool, with most therapists scoring it favourably on the usefulness (74.7%), ease of use (76.1%), ease of learning (81.2%) and satisfaction (80.6%) subscales. It was praised as a valuable outcome measure, guiding interventions and providing a comprehensive overview of assessed individuals. Time consumption, inaccessible terminology and lack of sensitivity to change were indicated as possible downfalls. Conclusion Therapists valued the Model of Human Occupation Screening Tool as an assessment tool, but more importance should be placed on training to overcome some of the limitations identified here. Also, its suitability to the setting in which it is used should be considered before implementation in practice.