Fulfillment of Defendant's Rights in PERMA Number 4 of 2020 reviewed from the Principle of Due Process of Law

The purpose of this study is to find out and analyze the defendant's rights and the obstacles to their fulfillment through the principle of due process of law. The defendant's rights are contained in Supreme Court Regulation Number 4 of 2020 concerning Administration and Trial of Criminal Cases in Courts Electronically. It was considered that during the Covid-19 pandemic, the trial was conducted electronically due to the emergence of public social restrictions. This research was conducted using the juridical-normative method by examining library materials and secondary data through a previous study of laws and regulations, books, and research results. The deviations of the fulfillment of the defendant's rights in the electronic trial from those previously contained in the Criminal Procedure Code occur because of the limited scope regulated by Supreme Court Regulation 4/2020 that concerning electronic trials, so it is considered difficult to implement the defendant's rights in practice fully. Non-optimal fulfillment of the defendant's rights indicates that the due process of law principle cannot be applied in electronic trials, so it is necessary to update regulations regarding electronic trials in Indonesia to optimize the to optimize the development of national law that considered the perspective of justice.

Preamble

1. In 2004, the American Law Institute (ALI) and the International Institute for the Unification of Private Law (UNIDROIT) adopted the ALI/UNIDROIT Principles of Transnational Civil Procedure.1 They were intended to help reduce the impact of differences between legal systems in lawsuits involving transnational commercial transactions. Their purpose was to propose a model of universal procedure that followed the essential elements of due process of law. They were accompanied by a set of “Rules of Transnational Civil Procedure”, which were not formally adopted by either UNIDROIT or the ALI but constituted a model implementation of the Principles, providing greater detail and illustrating how the Principles could be implemented in procedural rules. The Rules were to be considered either for adoption “or for further adaptation in various legal systems”, and along with the Principles could be considered as “a model for reform in domestic legislation”....

Cases

This chapter presents ten hypothetical cases. The first three cases include dismissing a civil servant without due process of law; the unwelcome asylum seeker; and deciding on a protected building without consulting experts. The second set of cases deal with an opaque administrative sanctions procedure; an administrative 'detention' without reasons; and the 'adequate' reasons for censorship'. These are followed by hypothetical cases concerning administrative orders and posthumous reasons; the industry representative that was not consulted; and citizens and environmental impact assessment. The final case focuses on the duty of public consultation. The chapter details the administrative procedure and judicial review in the legal systems selected for comparative analysis, with regard to the ten hypothetical cases.

PENDEKATAN SOSIOLOGI HUKUM DALAM MEMAHAMI KONFLIK PERATURAN PERUNDANG-UNDANGAN DI INDONESIA

<p><strong><em>Abstract</em></strong></p><p><em>The issue of regulation has indeed become a lively discourse in recent years. Laws and </em> <em>regulations, which in essence is a set of regulatory systems to provide an orderly legal order and society, often creates conflicts, both internal conflicts between regulations and external conflicts involving government agencies and the community. The study of legal science in the perspective of sociological jurisprudence is a scientific instrument that makes sense to analyze the phenomenon of legal problems that occur in indonesia, this is because the beginning and the end of a regulation is society. The results show that regulatory conflicts occur because in practice the formation of laws and regulations often ignores procedural due process of law and substantive due process of law, one of the main points is that the widest possible public participation is required in the regulatory formation process. As a result, several regulations that have been produced often cause conflicts due to a mismatch between the substance of the regulations and the conditions and needs of the community.</em></p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Isu permasalahan regulasi menjadi diskursus yang sering mencuat beberapa tahun terakhir. Peraturan perundang-undangan yang esensinya merupakan sekumpulan sistem aturan untuk menghadirkan tatanan hukum dan masyarakat yang tertib, justru realitanya sering kali memunculkan konflik, baik konflik internal antar peraturan maupun konflik eksternal yang melibatkan lembaga pemerintahan dan masyarakat. Kajian ilmu hukum dalam perspektif sosiologi hukum menjadi instrumen keilmuan yang masuk akal untuk membedah fenomena permasalahan peraturan perundang-undangan yang terjadi, hal ini dikarenakan hulu dan hilir suatu regulasi adalah masyarakat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konflik regulasi terjadi dikarenakan di dalam praktik pembentukan peraturan perundang-undangan masih sering kali mengabaikan <em>procedural due process of law </em>dan <em>substantive due process of law </em>yang salah satu poin utamanya adalah dibutuhkan partisipasi publik yang seluas-luasnya di dalam proses pembentukan peraturan. Alhasil beberapa regulasi yang dihasilkan kerap menimbulkan konflik dikarenkan ketidaksesuaian antara substansi peraturan dengan keadaan dan kebutuhan di masyarakat.</p>

22. A Revolution by Due Process of Law?

This chapter analyses the conduct and constitutional implications of the United Kingdom’s proposed withdrawal from the European Union. The chapter begins by examining the legal basis, conduct, and result of the withdrawal referendum. The chapter then assesses the High Court and Supreme Court decisions in the first of the two Miller judgments. It continues with a discussion on the extreme positions of ‘hard brexit’ and ‘soft brexit’ and the assesses the significance of the results of the unexpected 2017 general election. The chapter goes on to examine the European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018 and the subsequent fall of the May government and its replacement by an administration led by Boris Johnson. In the final part of the chapter the Miller (No 2) and Cherry litigation and its political aftermath are discussed in full, with a particular focus laid on the controversial way in which the Supreme Court deployed the notion of ‘justiciability’ in its judgment in Miller (No 2).

Application of Law Enforcement Due Process System in Law Against Child Crimes

Purpose To know and analyze the application of the due process of law system in law enforcement against child crime, to find out and analyze what are the factors that influence law enforcement on the implementation of the due process of law system. By using this type of research is Normative research. Normactive research is meant as legal research which studies normative law. The normative approach method is used to examine the aspects of the law according to laws and regulations relating to the implementation of the Due Process Of Law system in Criminal law, especially against child crimes. The results of the research show that law was born to humanize humans, so law enforcement or law enforcement must provide benefits or benefits to society. The quality of development and law enforcement is demanded by society at this time not only for formal quality, but also for material / substantial quality. Substantively. the implementation of child protection must be in accordance with relevant professional ethics, to prevent deviant behavior in the exercise of authority, power and strength in the implementation of child protection. The concept of due process is like prioritizing the rule of law, law enforcement officers must recognize, respect, protect and guarantee the rights of suspects. Law and justice is an integrity between normative idealism and human action. If the three of them are no longer combined and become judicial cohesion, then what will generally occur is a lameness whose mode and packaging is destructive and dysmunctional, which then makes it easy for someone and the public to draw conclusions or create estimates, there has been a play and a dramatization project that is still under the guise of carrying out their duties. , what is meant in it is to impose a legal decision.

Frontier Crimes Regulation (FCR): From Introduction to Abolition

When the British arrived at the North-West Frontier, it adopted several special measures to crush the resistance from Pashtun tribes and safeguard colonial interests. One of these special measures was the introduction of FCR, which was introduced to increase the conviction rate in criminal cases without the requirements of due process of law. This paper tries to present a detailed account of FCR from its introduction to its abolition. It highlights the circumstances which led to the introduction of FCR. It further explains how the British revised the FCR from time to time to expand its scope to make it better serve imperial interests. Its review by various commissions/committees and higher judiciary observations about it are also discussed in this paper. This paper is based on both primary sources like archival material and personal interviews as well as secondary sources.

Perbandingan Pengaturan Mengenai Terorisme di Indonesia, Inggris dan Australia Terkait Dengan Due Process Of Law Bagi Pelaku

Tulisan ini membahas mengenai perbandingan hukum pidana dalam tindak pidana terorismedari sudut pandang due process of law bagi pelaku tindak pidana terorisme, terdapatperbedaan yang signifikan terutama terkait sistem adversarial yang dianut sistem peradilanpidana australia dan inggris dibandingkan dengan sistem peradilan pidana di Indonesiadimana perlindungan hak asasi pelaku lebih diperhatikan sehingga sistem peradilan pidana diAustralia dan Inggris lebih kondusif untuk menciptakan due process of law.These writings discuss about comparative criminal law in the criminal acts of terrorism fromthe standpoint of due process of law for criminal acts, perpetrators of terrorism, there aresignificant differences, particularly regarding the subscribed adversarial system of criminaljustice system compared to english australia and criminal justice system in Indonesia whereprotection of rights observed until the perpetrator more fundamental criminal justice systemin Australia and England are more conducive to creating due process of law.

Introducing Victim Impact Statement in India: Reconceptualizing Victim Status

The right to fair trial is inherent in the concept of due process of law, which now forms part of Article 21 of Indian Constitution after the Maneka Gandhi judgement. Pertinently attached with the same comes the responsibility of the criminal system to treat victims with increased awareness and sensitivity. However, the established convention shows that in planning and developing administration of criminal justice, proper attention is not given to the victims of crime in achieving goals of criminal justice; the major cause of it being that a victim is heard only as a witness not as a victim. A credible response to the said issue has emerged in the form of victim impact statement (VIS) in the modern legal system across the world. With that being said, the researchers through this article try to deduce the need for incorporating a VIS in India through the various jurisprudential understandings of what it means to be a victim, including the gap between the subjective experience of the sufferer and the interpretation of the same by others, and what restorative justice would mean to heal a victim. Establishing upon the same premise of victim status, the researchers try to suggest that the introduction of VIS, with the primary purpose of it being a therapeutic tool and not an instrument of changing the course of justice, will serve to make us reconsider our contours of a ‘victim’.

Analisis Pembubaran Ormas Tanpa Proses Peradilan Pasca Penetapan UU No. 16 Tahun 2017 Tentang Ormas

The background of the amendment to the Law on Community Organization was due to the inadequacy of regulations regarding the problems that existed at that time. Changes in the regulation of the dissolution of community organizations without due process of law which are replaced by the principle of contrario actus constitute a matter that needs to be reviewed on a constitutional basis in a state that declares a state of law (rechtstaat) and not a power state (machtstaat). The focus of the problems examined in this thesis are: 1) What is the background of the emergence of Law Number 16 of 2017 concerning Community Organizations? 2) What is the constitutionality of the authority to dissolve community organizations without a judicial process? The objectives of this study are: 1) Describe the background of the emergence of the Law on Community Organization and the critical analysis of researchers towards this Law. 2) Describe the analysis of the constitutionality of the authority to dissolve community organizations without a judicial process. To identify these problems, this study uses normative legal research which is a qualitative analysis using a statute approach, a conceptual approach, and a case approach. This research draws the following conclusions: 1) The old regulation is no longer adequate, so it demands an amendment to the Law. 2) The policy to dissolve the organization without a judicial process is an unconstitutional policy.