Relational and Sexual Experiences of Betrayal From the Point of View of Sexually Victimized Young Women

Worldwide, it is estimated that one in five women have reported being sexually victimized before the age of 18. Girls are particularly at risk of sexual abuse at the end of adolescence and are more vulnerable to revictimization during this period. However, there is a paucity of findings related to the relational and sexual impacts of child sexual abuse among young women. The traumagenic dynamics model, proposed by Finkelhor and Browne, postulates that the consequences of sexual abuse can be analyzed in light of four distinct dynamics: traumatic sexualization, betrayal, powerlessness, and stigmatization. Among the four postulated dynamics, betrayal appears to be a key element to gain insight on the relational challenges experienced by victims, as betrayal situations can recur in romantic relationships. The present study aimed to describe, from the point of view of young women victims of child sexual abuse, the issues related to betrayals in their relational and sexual experiences. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 19 young women aged 18 to 25 years old who had reported sexual victimization. Two main conceptual categories emerged from the narratives of the participants: (a) relational situations that echo the betrayal dynamic and (b) strategies to cope with relational situations involving betrayal: protection, reparation, and the use of both strategies, which leads to ambivalence. Findings highlight the importance of addressing the traumagenic dynamic of betrayal in interventions with sexually abuse youths, given their likelihood to experience betrayal in the context of romantic relationships and their increased risk of revictimization.

Consecuencias del abuso sexual infantil: una revisión de las variables intervinientes

<p>Over the last few decade child sexual abuse (CSA) have provoked a great deal of interest, both among the scientific community and the society, due to its prevalence and short and long term consequences. Although most of the studies examining CSA sequelae list numerous psychological, social, behavioral and physical difficulties, certainly not every child abuse survivor shows a significant harm thereafter, existing a great variability on the survivor´s adjustment. In light of this diversity the present work, after review the short and long term consequences of CSA, attempt to discern which are the main variables that determine the effects of the abuse on the survivors. Characteristics of the abuse, survivor and perpetrator, situational factors and, specially, survivor´s cognitive variables have been proved as efficient in order to explain the symptomatology severity. Specifically, studies have found that replacing avoidance coping strategies by approaching ones, eliminating self-blame and family blame attributions and the four traumagenic dynamics feelings, as well as promoting a secure attachment style would have a positive impact in order to prevent future problems caused by the experience of abuse.</p>