ALKYLATION OF 2-AMINOADAMANTANE WITH ALKANOLS USING CATALYSIS BY COLLOIDAL NICKEL PARTICLES

The alkylation of 2-aminoadamantane with alkanols catalysed by quasi-homogenous catalysis by nickel nanoparticles proceeds at 140-160 ºС with foundation of secondary amines with 57-78 % yields.

Synthesis of Biodiesel from Tall Oil Fatty Acids by Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysis

This study compared the yield of biodiesel produced from tall oil fatty acids (TOFA) via (i) homogeneous catalyst (sulfuric acid) and (ii) a heterogeneous catalyst (Amberlyst® BD20, together with Ambersep BD 19 (Midcontinental Chemical Co., Olathe, KS, USA)® using a batch reactor. The effect of operation conditions including temperature, catalyst concentration, methanol: oil ratio and reaction time on esterification yield were investigated. Gas chromatographic data showed that the major fatty acids present in the TOFA are oleic acid (C18:1n9) and linoleic acid (C18:2n6). Homogenous catalysis yielded 96.76% biodiesel compared to 90.24% for heterogeneous catalysis. Optimized conditions for homogenous catalysis were at a catalyst concentration of 0.5 w/w%, 15:1 methanol: oil mass ratio at 55 °C for 60 min. FTIR results also showed that the homogeneous catalyst yielded a more complete reaction toward biodiesel production in a shorter time (60 min) compared to the heterogeneous catalyst (4.7 h). For heterogeneous catalysis, the highest yield and the lowest acid value were achieved after a second recycling because the reactants were not fully in contact with the catalyst during the first recycling. The catalyst did not show a reduction in catalytic activity even after the fourth recycling. However, the acid value was higher than that for ASTM standards for biodiesel.

Carbonyl group and carbon dioxide activation by rare-earth-metal complexes

Not just hilariously effective baits! Rare-earth-metal compounds selectively react with aldehydes, ketones and carbon dioxide to generate isolable compounds as crucial intermediates in organic synthesis and homogenous catalysis.

Structural inhomogeneity as a factor promoting the homogenous catalysis of CO2 hydrogenation by (PMe3)4RuH2

Inhomogeneous distribution of additive molecules around a catalyst could play an important role in a homogeneous catalytic cycle.

Homogeneous catalytic systems for selective oxidation of methane: state of the art

Homogeneous catalysts for methane oxidation are of a particular interest from scientific and economic points of view. The results show a great potential for activation and functionalization of CH bonds of unreactive methane. There are still gaps in the knowledge of how to rationally design catalysts for this process. In this paper state-of-the-art. in methane oxidation homogenous catalysis is presented.

Borylation of primary and secondary alkyl bromides catalyzed by Cu2O nanoparticles

A Cu2O nanoparticle catalyzed borylation of alkylboronic esters is developed, with mild reaction conditions, high yield and in the absence of ligands which otherwise are essential in homogenous catalysis, using bis(pinacolato)diboron as the boron source.