DOMINASI SIMBOLIK DALAM PENEGAKAN HUKUM PIDANA BERDASARKAN PERSPEKTIF PIERRE-FELIX BOURDIEU

Refining activities Legal Studies as a science that is sui generis, in the end, have exposed a pattern of reasoning and legal arguments against the concrete fact to be very rigid and lexical. In fact, law that emerges from a social agreement and grows together with the development of society, has taken a distance (distantiation) from society, which is the origin of the growth of the law itself. It is Pierre-Felix Bourdieu who argues that every social praxis (action) - including the behavior of law enforcers, will always produce knowledge based on legal norms and power - as capital, through the absorption of values that internalize in themself (habitus). This research is a normative legal research with a statutory approach, a conceptual approach, a semiotic approach, and a critical discourse analysis approach. The results of this study indicate the consequences that occur through symbolic domination as doxa to defend the interests of the executive law enforcement agency.

Polarization of Profit Sharing of Paddy Cultivation in the Acehnese Community as an Attempt to Alleviate Poverty: A Study of Fiqh Muamalah

This study examines the polarization of profit sharing in paddy cultivation in the tradition of the people of Aceh as an effort to alleviate poverty. This study, as the empirical or juridical sociological legal research, examines the behavior of law or operation of law in society. The study uses fiqh muamalah approach and obtains data through interviews and literature study. This study concludes that the pattern of profit sharing on the cultivation of paddy fields is categorized into a muzāra’ah aqd, which has rules specified in fiqh muamalah and promotes mutual assistance. However, traditionally, the people of West Aceh, Pidie, and Aceh Jaya utilizing leasing in managing paddy fields tend not to fully operate in accordance with the muzāra’ah aqd. This is due to the operational costs needed for the management of the fields have to be provided by the tenant farmers without financial contributions from the landowners at all. This method can easily allow the landowners to exploit the labor of tenant farmers as the tenants do not have other options aside from cultivating the land. As a result, tenant farmers find it difficult to get out of the shackles of poverty. Therefore, it takes effort to help the farmers out of poverty. It is expected that the government plays a role in the forms of the provision of aids such as seeds, fertilizers, medicines, harvesting machines, and rice threshers, with the goal to reduce expenditure costs of management and thus, the farming revenue will increase and farmers’ well-being will be achieved.

Methods of negative information and psychological impact on law enforcement officers during protests in foreign countries

Relevance. In 2019-2021 numerous protests and riots swept the world including Europe, Asia, and America. Some of them turned violent and resulted in the death of people. Rioters used sophisticated methods to influence law enforcement officers in order to disorientate, demoralize and disorganize them. The identification and analysis of these methods will help to implement programs of information and psychological prevention and protection of employees of the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation. Objectives. The purpose of the article is to identify, analyze and classify methods of negative information and psychological impact on law enforcement officers in foreign countries during protests and riots of 2019 - 2021. Results. The definition of the terms “impact” and “negative information and psychological impact on employees of internal affairs bodies” was clarified. An analysis of online publications related to mass protests and riots was carried out. Rioters’ methods of negative information and psychological impact on law enforcement officers were described and classified. Conclusions. The methods of negative information and psychological impact on law enforcement officers used by rioters have become more sophisticated, flexible and diverse. They are carried out both offline and online and affect the consciousness, social attitudes and behavior of law enforcement officers. To protect law enforcement officers from negative information and psychological impact, it is necessary to implement a set of legal, informational, operational and psychological measures.

Explaining the Why in #WhyIDidntReport: An Examination of Common Barriers to Formal Disclosure of Sexual Assault in College Students

Within the current study, we examined themes of college students’ reasons for choosing not to formally disclose (report) sexual assault. To complete this objective, we examined tweets ( n = 1,297) that used the WhyIDidntReport hashtag in which a user also made reference (within the same thread) to being enrolled at a college or university during the time (and aftermath) of the assault. We deemed Twitter a particularly valuable platform, offering insight into the hidden figure of crime, as users described events, feelings, and perceptions after the event that led to them not formally disclosing. Further, it provides a large sample of cases of women and men who recognize their assault as an assault (at least in hindsight), while also providing open-ended, unstructured explanations of their rationales and motivations. Using an inductive approach, we established broad themes that were then refocused into common barriers of formal disclosure or the continuation of formal disclosure. Subthemes included anticipated social reactions (stemming from vicarious and direct experiences), internalized emotions, often stemming from social reactions (normalization, shame, and blame), victim and offender status, and victim-offender relationship. Three overarching premises were developed from the analysis including (a) victims’ internalizations of experiences and observations, (b) the interaction of social factors of the victim, offender, and the victim-offender relationship, and (c) the continual and compounded decision-making process of formal disclosure. These conclusions were then examined within theoretical models, including Black’s Behavior of Law Theory (specifically morphology and stratification), Overstreet and Quinn’s intimate partner violence stigmatization model, and Chaudoir and Fisher’s disclosure process model. Lastly, we provide programmatic recommendations, which includes retailoring current bystander intervention curricula to include more focus on social reactions and social support in anticipation of college students being recipients of sexual assault disclosures by friends and acquaintances.

SPECIFIC FEATURES OF PREVENTION OF ROBBERY

The article focuses on the behavior of law enforcement agencies inthe prevention of robbery over the past 3 years and its consequences.It also analyzes the changes that take place in thepsyche of the perpetrator and the victim of the robbery. At the same time, it was noted that the videos prepared to prevent this crime could have the opposite effect. Suggestions and recommendations were made to increase the effectiveness of work on the prevention of robbery

ASSESSMENT OF SELF-REGULATORY BEHAVIOR OF LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICERS IN EXTREME SITUATIONS: A SOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS

The relevance of the research lies in the need to develop self-regulation skills in law enforcement officers, since this category of employees often performs professional functions in extreme situations, including anti-pandemic measures. The research problem is the contradiction between the increase in physical, intellectual and emotional stress experienced by law enforcement officers in extreme professional situations, on the one hand, and the need for an objective assessment and self-regulatory behavior, on the other. The purpose of the study is to examine the sociological specifics of assessing self-regulatory behavior of law enforcement officers in extreme situations. The article includes the results of an empirical study conducted in 2020-2021 in the Belgorod region, which was attended by current law enforcement officers (n = 134) undergoing advanced training. The following methods were used: a questionnaire survey and a formative experiment were used to collect data; computer analysis of the Excel package and comparative analysis were used to process and analyze the obtained materials. The results of the study showed that mastering self-regulation skills allowed law enforcement officers to understand better the causes of stress, taught them self-control, and improved the quality of communication with colleagues and immediate supervisors. In addition, it was concluded that such indicators as general physical well-being, a decrease in the level of anxiety, irritability and aggression improved.

The Decision to Arrest in Sexual Assault Case Processing: A Test of Black’s Theory of the Behavior of Law

Past research applying Donald Black’s theory of the behavior of law to sexual assault case processing has focused on victim decisions to report the crime to the police. This study builds on and extends prior research by examining the next stage of legal mobilization (i.e., arrest). Using secondary data on 310 cases from the 1982-2012 Sexual Assault Kit Backlog Study in Los Angeles, California, the current study explores the effects of victim, offender, and case characteristics on arrest. The results suggest limited support for the theory in this victimization context. Implications for theory, research, and criminal justice practice are discussed.

Types and Forms of Addictive Behavior of Law Enforcement Employees

The article discusses types and forms of an addictive behavior of law enforcement officers (in terms of employees of internal affairs bodies) in conjunction with individual psychological characteristics. The attention is focused on the variety of addictive behavior approaches available in the scientific literature. According to the data obtained, such addictions as relationship, Internet-computer, work, adrenaline are most pronounced among employees of the internal affairs bodies in view of the peculiarities of professional activity. It was revealed that more than half of the internal affairs officers have a tendency to manifest addictive behavior. The particular structures of the manifestation of addictive behavior are described using factor analysis. The chosen five-factor model allowed to describe specific forms of addiction: addiction of negative relations, emotional addiction, distance from society, introverted workaholism, emotional interpersonal relations. The patterns of the relationship of addictive behavior with emotional instability, anxiety, social inclusion, suspicion, and emotional regulation of behavior are revealed.