Spatial Analysis of Tourist Spots in Central Tokyo Using Online Geotagged Photographs from Flickr

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Advancements in information and communication technologies enable us to trace human activities through digital media; networks of fixed or mobile sensors, such as smartphones, global positioning systems, and travel cards, can monitor the timing and locations of human behavior throughout the day. These new sources of geospatial data provide the possibility of analyzing high-resolution big data to capture patterns of human spatial behavior across space and time. Online photo-sharing services are comprised of such sources. This study analyzes the geocoded photos from a photo-sharing service to make a comparison of the varying spatial patterns of tourist attractions in Tokyo as differentiated between those taken by Japanese and foreign visitors.</p><p> We selected three places (Shinjuku, Asakusa, and Ginza) as study districts from the five top places frequently visited by foreigners based on the 2014 Survey Report of Foreigner Behavior. The data were downloaded from Flickr, one of the most popular online platforms for people to share their travel experiences by uploading photos. We used the data of geocoded photos from 2014, taken within 1 km from Shinjuku, Ginza, and Asakusa stations. Information on the nationality of contributors recorded in the Flickr data was used to compare the tourist spots of Japanese and foreign visitors. To identify the tourist spot, we employed a hotspot analysis using geographic information systems.</p><p> The obtained results showed some tourist spots common to Japanese and foreign visitors in three study areas, namely, places close to railroad stations. However, the distribution of foreigners’ photographs showed a higher spatial concentration than those taken by Japanese tourists. This tendency is consistent with the findings obtained by Suzuki and Wakabayashi (2008), wherein they compared photos of tourist attractions in guide books of Tokyo. This comparative difference can be explained by the accessibility of railroad stations; in other words, foreigners rely more on public transportation during their comparatively short stays.</p><p> Spatial patterns of tourist spots varied with the study district in question. In Shinjuku and Ginza, there are differences in tourist spots between Asians and Europeans. Particularly, European tourists’ hot spots tend to be more scattered than Asians. However, such differences are not observed in Asakusa, where tourists’ hot spots are concentrated around Sensoji Temple and Tokyo Sky Tree. The reason for this is that tourist attractions are concentrated in and around specific facilities in the Asakusa district. Hence, the variations of tourist spots obtained by analyzing the geotagged photographs on Flickr can be explained by the difference in behavior and interest of foreign tourists between countries, as well as the spatial distribution of tourist attractions.</p>

On the development of layouts on construction and renovation of marshalling complexes

Objective: Further improvement of organizational management methods for construction and renovation of railroad stations by the example of marshalling complexes infrastructure. Methods: By means of the methods of continuous construction theory, depending on technological arrangement and structure of facilities of railroad stations, an optimum amount of work was singled out for the purpose of construction lines development. Effective variants of organizational management were selected according to rational coefficient values of combining the facility and specialized flows, in case of which the maximum possible (for conditions of construction and renovation) estimated capacity of the station was preserved. Results: The dependencies of estimated capacity and the amount of work for construction and renovation of marshalling complexes of different types (one-way, combined, etc.) were determined. Practical importance: The data presented in the article is of high practical relevance due to the absence of modern research and industrial regulatory documents on construction and renovation management of the given type of transport facilities.

3. The age of the city, 1860–1900

In the aftermath of the Civil War, Americans united in an impulse to commemorate the lives lost and to coordinate that effort with new campaigns for civic beautification. “The age of the city, 1860–1900” describes how the new titans of industry, such as Carnegie and Rockefeller, sponsored the erection of new monuments and statues and endowed lavish facilities for parks, cemeteries, railroad stations, universities, museums, office buildings, and hotels. Yet this monumental display of sumptuous wealth hid new depths of poverty and squalor, as well as new heights of social unrest. In this tumultuous environment, a new set of cultural experiences and institutions provided a semblance of order against a backdrop of conflict and chaos.

Essay Two: MASHUP AT THE VANCOUVER ART GALLERY: REVIEWING AND RIFFIN'

MASHUP AT THE VANCOUVER ART GALLERY: REVIEWING AND RIFFIN'[1] “Arcades are houses or passages having no outside - like the dream”.[2] “Dream houses of the collective: arcades, winter gardens, panorama, factories, wax museums, casinos, railroad stations”.[3] Sponsors: There's a problem, feathers, iron[4] [5] https://www.kegsteakhouse.com/

Passenger Railroad Facility Safety Audit as Revenue Protection

Thousands of slip, trip, missteps and fall accidents and train collisions occur each year at railroad stations, terminals, and grade crossings resulting in serious injuries causing a significant drain of financial resources. This paper provides guidance in identifying common safety hazards and easy ways to reduce or eliminate these dangers. This paper will cover a variety of safety issues, which are commonly present in a railroad environment. It also provides estimates regarding the cost of railroad related pedestrian accidents. More than 95 percent of injuries on rail system injuries are minor. The top one percent of injury claims can account for 20 percent of the total claims’ cost.