Attracting Spectators to Youth Sport Events: The Case of the International Children’s Games

The purpose of this study was to determine whether perceptions of value of a youth sport event were predicted by a spectator’s sport identity, their connection to an athlete, and how their assessment of the event’s uniqueness affects these relationships. Data were collected from spectators (N=714) at the 2013 International Children’s Games using a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Results provided support for an indirect only mediated model, such that spectators who highly identified with being a sports fan perceived the event as being valuable when they also viewed the event as unique. Having a personal connection to an athlete did not predict perceptions of uniqueness or value. Thus, purposefully selecting and designing unique events and promoting the unique attributes of the event could increase an event’s appeal to spectators who highly identify with the sport.

The Effect of Intellectual Capital and Individual Self-Efficacy on Sport Identity of Kradeniz Technique University Physical Education Students

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of intellectual capital and individual self-efficacy on the sporting identity of the students in the field of physical education in Turkey. In order to measure the intellectual capital variable, the standard questionnaire (Bontis, 1998) was used, to measure the individual self-efficacy variable the standard questionnaire (Sherr & Mados, 1982) was used, and to assess the sport identity of the standard questionnaire (Cheslak, 2004) was used.The reliability of the questionnaires was also assessed by Cronbach's alpha test, respectively; The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the intellectual capital questionnaire was 0.84, for the self-efficacy questionnaire 0.75 and for the sports identity questionnaire 0.8. The questionnaires were distributed among the statistical sample (181 students of physical education of Karadeniz Technique University). The findings indicated that intellectual capital with a coefficient of 0.85 and its three dimensions (human capital, structural capital, and communicative capital) as well as individual self-efficacy with a coefficient of 0.815 and its three dimensions (no interest in harassing others, desire of extending effort and different ways to face obstacles) on physical education students’ identity was significant. It can be concluded that with the increase of intellectual capital and the efficiency of physical education students, the identity of sports identity will be improved.

الهوية الرياضية والتماسك الجماعي لدى فرق الألعاب الرياضية الجماعية في الجامعات الفلسطينية "جامعة خضوري انموذجا"

The aim of this study was to identify the differences in sport identity and group cohesion among team sport games at Palestinian universities "Kadoorei University is a model" according to gender and game type variables. The study carried out on purposive sample consisted of (77) players. The researchers carried out tow scales for measuring sport identity and team cohesion. To analyse data, they used spss program. The results of the study revealed the following: The level of sport identity and their three domains among study sample were very high but it was high for group cohesion. There were significant differences in sport identity among team sport games at Palestinian universities "Kadoorei University is a model "according to gender variable in favor of male player, but there weren’t significant differences in group cohesion according to game type variable. There were significant differences in sport identity and group cohesion among team sport games at Palestinian universities “Kadoorei University is a model "according to gender game type variables. Based on the study findings, the researchers recommended making similar study on individual sport games at Palestinian universities.

الهوية الرياضية والتماسك الجماعي لدى فرق الألعاب الرياضية الجماعية في الجامعات الفلسطينية "جامعة خضوري انموذجا"

The aim of this study was to identify the differences in sport identity and group cohesion among team sport games at Palestinian universities "Kadoorei University is a model" according to gender and game type variables. The study carried out on purposive sample consisted of (77) players. The researchers carried out tow scales for measuring sport identity and team cohesion. To analyse data, they used spss program. The results of the study revealed the following: The level of sport identity and their three domains among study sample were very high but it was high for group cohesion. There were significant differences in sport identity among team sport games at Palestinian universities "Kadoorei University is a model "according to gender variable in favor of male player, but there weren’t significant differences in group cohesion according to game type variable. There were significant differences in sport identity and group cohesion among team sport games at Palestinian universities “Kadoorei University is a model "according to gender game type variables. Based on the study findings, the researchers recommended making similar study on individual sport games at Palestinian universities.