Video modeling examples are effective tools for self-regulated learning in physical education: Students learn through repeated viewing, self-talk, and mental rehearsal

This study aimed at assessing the impact of video modeling examples (VMEs) on secondary school students’ self-regulated learning experiences in gymnastics in original physical education (PE) settings. A total of 56 students (28 males and 28 females), aged 16–17, took part in a seven-week gymnastics learning unit for the purpose of acquiring new motor skills and knowledge using VMEs, in the absence of teacher and peer assistance. Repeated measurements were collected through gymnastics floor routines and a custom-designed written test. Semi-structured interviews were administered to explore students’ self-regulated learning strategies. The analysis of quantitative data revealed significant improvements in males’ skill performance (pre: 4.54 ± 2.42, post: 10.97 ± 3.25 points; p < 0.001) and knowledge (pre: 6.43 ± 2.26, post: 13.19 ± 3.09 points; p < 0.001), as well as females’ skill performance (pre: 2.64 ± 2.09, post: 8.96 ± 4.12 points; p < 0.001) and knowledge (pre: 6.14 ± 2.48, post: 10.97 ± 3.25 points; p < 0.001) after taking part in the practical intervention. Sex-based differences, in favor of the males, were only observed in knowledge outcomes (males: Δ (Δ%) = 6.76 (105.1%), females: Δ (Δ%) = 4.25 (69.2%); p < 0.05). Qualitative data analysis yielded three major learning strategies: repeated viewing and interpretation of VMEs, self-talk and mental rehearsal. In conclusion, VMEs were able to empower the participating students to acquire motor skills and knowledge in PE classes through activating different metacognitive learning strategies, and even without resorting to teacher/peer assistance. Data from this study could prompt PE teachers to incorporate VME-mediated self-regulated learning methods into their teaching practices for better classroom management and for improving their students’ metacognition.

Peer Assistance Strategy in the Management of Inclusion Students in Sawocangkring Elementary School

Inclusive schools are places for education for children with special needs who have the same rights as normal children. and learning in inclusive schools is one class without any difference. The purpose of this study was to determine peer assistance in managing students with special needs. The subjects of this study were 23 students at Sawocangkring Elementary School. This type of research is a descriptive qualitative method with an interactive approach. The results of this study are peers have a very important function in the development of attitudes, skills, socializing and peers can be used as peer tutors for children with special needs in explaining the material and accompany during breaks and other activities.

Reflection in a Mathematics Classroom

This study was conducted to examine students’ reflection in terms of their beliefs and abilities to go through the activities in a problem-solving classroom. Hundred and twenty diploma students were randomly selected from a list of students who had registered in a course called Mathematics Thinking course at a university in Malaysia. The findings revealed that the students encountered difficulties in dealing with the problem-solving activities in the mathematics classroom. Despite giving their best efforts, the students still found challenges in comprehending the context of the issues rendered to them calling for the much indispensable collaboration or peer assistance. Keywords: Written reflection; Mathematics classroom; Problem-solving. eISSN: 2398-4287 © 2020. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v5iSI1.2289

Peer assistance among mixed-age pairs in mixed-age EFL secondary school classrooms in Germany

Drawing from a sociocultural framework, this paper reports a study which investigated peer assistance among 10 mixed-age pairs (n=20) in mixed-age English as a foreign language (EFL) secondary school classrooms in Germany which are simultaneously mixed-ability classrooms. Mixed-age is increasingly used (Kallery and Loupidou 2016; Kuhl et al. 2013; Thurn 2011), but is under-researched in language classrooms. Although some research has been conducted in L2 mixed-proficiency settings, there has been no study conducted on peer-interactions within mixed-age groups/pairs in L2 contexts. This study aims to lay the foundations for future research of peer interactions among M-A second language learners. Results show that mixed-age pairs assisted one another in ways similar to those found in teacher-learner interactions, while some in ways which resemble to what Donato (1988, 1994) called collective scaffolding. However, the extent that this assistance benefited learning varied across learners. The findings also suggest that rather than age, the relationship between learners seems to be one of the major factors mediating the extent and quality of assistance.

User Innovation and Peer Assistance in Small-Scale Renewable Energy Technologies

There have been many attempts to include citizens as more active players in the proliferation of renewable energy technologies. However, the roles that citizen users play in renewables proliferation are not limited to adoption, but include technological domestication, innovation, and market creation. This chapter first reviews innovation by citizen users in the early phases of small-scale renewable energy technologies (S-RET) technology development in wind turbines, solar collectors, and low-energy housing. It then examines user innovation and peer assistance in the later phases of diffusion in air-source and ground-source heat pumps, pellet-burning systems, and solar collectors. It reviews research user motivations, diffusion pathways, and peer intermediation, and pays particular attention to how the forms of innovative citizen energy communities are changing from locality-based community energy initiatives to distributed and Internet-mediated energy communities. The chapter concludes by drawing policy implications regarding user innovation and peer assistance in the transformation of energy systems.

UPAYA PENINGKATAN GERAK DASAR KAYANG DENGAN ALAT BANTU BOLA, BOX DAN BANTUAN TEMAN

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan dan memperbaiki proses pembelajaran khususnya dalam gerak dasar kayang. Hasil analisis menunjukan pada siklus pertama dengan bantuan alat bantu berupa bola diperoleh peningkatan rata-rata nilai sebesar 62,33 dengan perhitungan tingkat efekivitas 32,94 % itu berarti tindakan belum efektif. Pada siklus kedua dengan alat bantu berupa box diperoleh peningkatan dengan rata-rata nilai sebesar 70,22 dengan perhitungan tingkat efekivitas 49,76 % itu berarti tindakan belum efektif. Pada siklus ketiga dengan penggunaan bantuan teman diperoleh peningkatan rata-rata nilai sebesar 82,33 dengan perhitungan tingkat efekivitas 75,59 %. Kesimpulan dari hasil analisis tersebut bahwa setiap siklus telah meningkat lebih dari 50% itu artinya tindakan telah efektif dengan alat bantu berupa bola, box dan bantuan teman.ABSTRACTThis study aims to improve and improve the learning process, especially in the basic movements of kayang. The results of the analysis showed that in the first cycle with the help of a ball aid, an increase in the average value of 62.33 was obtained by calculating the effectivity level of 32.94%, which meant that the action had not been effective. In the second cycle with a tool in the form of a box obtained an increase with an average value of 70.22 with the calculation of the effectivity level of 49.76% that means the action has not been effective. In the third cycle with the use of peer assistance, an increase in the average value of 82.33 was obtained by calculating the effectivity level of 75.59%. The conclusion of the analysis results that each cycle has increased by more than 50%, which means that the action has been effective with tools such as balls, boxes and friend assistance.Keywords: balls, boxes, friend assistance, kayang